Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have shown significant advancements in their device performance; however, their poor long-term stability under operational conditions is a major hurdle that hinders their commercialization. Effective bottom interfacial passivation is crucial for enhancing the device performance. Among the many approaches, self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) are particularly notable due to their exceptional ability for both charge extraction and interfacial defect passivation. In this review, we first demonstrate the issues concealed at the bottom interface and the working mechanisms for the phase separation-based fabrication of p–i–n PSCs. Subsequently, a comprehensive comparison is conducted among various SAMs, which passivate defects in the perovskite bottom interface and charge transport layers (CTLs) and modify the substrate surface properties. Furthermore, recent advancements in understanding how variations in the molecular structure of SAMs influence charge transport and their capability for defect passivation are summarized. Finally, a thought-provoking perspective is presented to stimulate the development of SAM molecules with dual functionality in terms of both carrier extraction and defect passivation.

中文翻译：

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钙钛矿太阳能电池中自组装单分子层的电荷提取和界面钝化双重功能


钙钛矿太阳能电池（PSC）在器件性能方面已显示出显着进步；然而，它们在运行条件下的长期稳定性差是阻碍其商业化的主要障碍。有效的底部界面钝化对于提高器件性能至关重要。在众多方法中，自组装单层（SAM）因其卓越的电荷提取和界面缺陷钝化能力而特别引人注目。在这篇综述中，我们首先展示了底部界面隐藏的问题以及基于相分离的 p-i-n PSC 制造的工作机制。随后，对各种 SAM 进行了全面比较，这些 SAM 钝化了钙钛矿底部界面和电荷传输层（CTL）中的缺陷并改变了基板表面性能。此外，还总结了 SAM 分子结构变化如何影响电荷传输及其缺陷钝化能力的最新进展。最后，提出了一个发人深省的观点，以刺激具有载流子提取和缺陷钝化双重功能的 SAM 分子的发展。