Additive-assisted layer-by-layer (LBL) deposition affords interpenetrating fibril network active layer morphology with a bulk p-i-n feature and proper vertical segregation in organic solar cells (OSCs). This approach captures the balance between material interaction and crystallization that locks the characteristic length scales at tens of nanometers to suit exciton and carrier diffusion, thereby reducing recombination losses. On the other hand, the wrinkle-pattern morphology generated due to Marangoni-Bénard instability and radial flow during spin-coating couples with the reflective back electrode, inducing diffuse reflection and thus enhancing light capture capability. The nano-to-micron hierarchical morphology in proper vertical segregation achieves a record-breaking power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 20.8% for small-area devices and 17.0% for mini-module devices. The new processing and the resulted 3D morphology better suit photon and carrier dynamics in operation, such that a notable improvement in device operational stability is recorded, which offers a plausible strategy toward practical organic photovoltaic technology.

中文翻译：

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通过具有块状 p-i-n 结构和改进的光学管理的增材制造辅助逐层制造实现 20.8% 的有机太阳能电池


加增辅助逐层 （LBL） 沉积在有机太阳能电池 （OSC） 中提供了具有块 p-i-n 特征和适当垂直偏析的互穿原纤维网络活性层形态。这种方法捕捉了材料相互作用和结晶之间的平衡，将特征长度尺度锁定在几十纳米处，以适应激子和载流子扩散，从而减少复合损失。另一方面，由于马兰戈尼-贝纳德不稳定性和旋涂过程中的径向流动而产生的皱纹形态与反射背电极耦合，诱导漫反射，从而增强光捕获能力。在适当的垂直分离中，纳米到微米的分层形态实现了创纪录的小面积器件 20.8% 和 17.0% 的功率转换效率 （PCE）。新的处理和产生的 3D 形态更适合工作中的光子和载流子动力学，因此设备操作稳定性得到了显着改善，这为实用的有机光伏技术提供了合理的策略。