Objective To examine the acute and chronic effects of reducing prolonged sedentary time (ST) with physical activity (PA) on cognitive and brain health. Design Systematic review and meta-analysis. Data sources PubMed, Scopus, CINAHL, PsycINFO, SPORTDiscus, Web of Science, and ProQuest Dissertation and Theses. Eligibility criteria Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) published from inception to 17 June 2024, with healthy participants without cognitive impairment or neurological conditions that affect cognitive functioning, aged ≥4 years, testing acute and chronic effects of reducing ST and/or prolonged ST by reallocating ST to PA on cognitive function, brain function, and structure. Results We included 25 RCTs (n=1289) investigating acute (21 studies) and chronic (4 studies) effects on cognitive function (acute: n=20, chronic: n=4) and brain function (acute: n=7, chronic: n=1); there were no studies on brain structure. Acutely interrupting continuous ST with either multiple or a single PA bout improved cognitive function measured from 3 hours to three consecutive days based on 91 effect sizes ( g =0.17, 95% CI: 0.05 to 0.29, p=0.005, I 2=45.5%). When comparing single versus multiple PA bouts, only multiple PA bouts yielded a positive effect on cognitive function based on 72 effect sizes ( g =0.20, 95% CI: 0.06 to 0.35, p=0.006; I 2=48.8%). Chronic studies reported null findings on cognitive function (n=4), with some evidence of improved neural efficiency of the hippocampus (n=1). Conclusion Interrupting ST with PA acutely improves cognitive function. The evidence from chronic studies remains inconclusive. Systematic review registration PROSPERO CRD42020200998. Data are available in a public, open access repository. All data used in this study are publicly available in the Open Science Framework: .

中文翻译：

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通过增加身体活动来减少久坐行为对整个生命周期中认知功能、大脑功能和结构的影响：系统评价和荟萃分析


目的 探讨通过体力活动 （PA） 减少久坐时间 （ST） 对认知和脑健康的急性和慢性影响。设计 系统评价和荟萃分析。数据源 PubMed、Scopus、CINAHL、PsycINFO、SPORTDiscus、Web of Science 和 ProQuest Dissertation and Theses。资格标准 从建库到 2024 年 6 月 17 日发表的随机对照试验 （RCT），受试者是没有认知障碍或影响认知功能的神经系统疾病的健康参与者，年龄为 ≥4 岁，测试通过将 ST 重新分配到 PA 来减少 ST 和/或延长 ST 对认知功能、大脑功能和结构的急性和慢性影响。结果我们纳入了 25 项随机对照试验 （n=1289），调查急性 （21 项研究） 和慢性 （4 项研究） 对认知功能 （急性： n=20， 慢性： n=4） 和脑功能 （急性： n=7， 慢性： n=1） 的影响;没有关于大脑结构的研究。根据 91 个效应量 （g =0.17,95% CI：0.05 至 0.29，p=0.005，I 2=45.5%），通过多次或单次 PA 发作急性中断连续 ST 改善了认知功能。在比较单次和多次 PA 发作时，根据 72 个效应大小，只有多次 PA 发作对认知功能产生积极影响（g =0.20,95% CI：0.06 至 0.35，p=0.006;I 2=48.8%）。慢性研究报告了认知功能的零发现 （n=4），有一些证据表明海马体的神经效率有所提高 （n=1）。结论 用 PA 中断 ST 可显著改善认知功能。来自慢性研究的证据仍无定论。系统综述注册 PROSPERO CRD42020200998.数据在公共、开放访问存储库中可用。本研究中使用的所有数据都在开放科学框架中公开提供：.