Eutrophication remains a persistent global water quality challenge despite extensive investigations. Numerous reviews highlight multifaceted controversies, and scholars from diverse fields have attempted reconciliation, yet pessimism prevails. The authors perform a detailed exploration of the current controversies and debates surrounding eutrophication strategies. After leveraging a combination of historical data review, theoretical insights, and advanced modeling, we identify common roots of these controversies, primarily improper problem framing or boundary setting caused by conceptual weaknesses, methodological omissions and residual variability when dealing with complex nexuses, which can lead to multifinality, equifinality, or insoluble problems in subsequent research, fostering redundant and intense debates. Therefore, more efficient techniques during problem framing or conceptual model construction, fully should be emphasized, balancing realism and practicability. Instead of seeking a panacea for eutrophication restoration, we propose an Improved Analytic Hierarchy Process (IAHP) method and an Iteratively Evolutionary Modeling Cycle Method, based on newly proposed sets of criteria. The IAHP method combines traditional Analytic Hierarchy Process with multivariate statistics, breaking down complex problems into a hierarchical structure and determining factor weights through pairwise comparisons or multivariable statistics. The Iteratively Evolutionary Modeling Cycle Method tackles complex modeling by segregating processes into six iterative steps, ensuring expertise-specific problem-solving while fostering communication and collaboration across steps. Both approaches emphasize segmented, iterative optimization, avoiding equifinality and multifinality problems, reconciling conflicts among diverse dimensions and aligning with the principles of Occam’s Razor. These methods offer valuable approaches to addressing conflicts arising from multifactorial issues.

中文翻译：

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解决富营养化争议：创新策略和整体视角


尽管进行了广泛的调查，富营养化仍然是全球持续存在的水质挑战。众多评论凸显了多方面的争议，不同领域的学者也试图调和，但悲观情绪盛行。作者对当前围绕富营养化策略的争议和争论进行了详细探讨。在结合历史数据回顾、理论见解和高级建模后，我们确定了这些争议的共同根源，主要是由于概念缺陷、方法遗漏和处理复杂关系时的残余可变性而导致的不正确的问题框架或边界设置，这可能导致导致后续研究中出现多重最终性、平等性或无法解决的问题，从而引发冗余和激烈的争论。因此，在问题框架或概念模型构建过程中，应充分强调更有效的技术，平衡现实性和实用性。我们没有寻求富营养化恢复的灵丹妙药，而是基于新提出的标准集提出了改进的层次分析法（IAHP）方法和迭代进化建模循环方法。 IAHP方法将传统的层次分析法与多元统计相结合，将复杂问题分解为层次结构，并通过成对比较或多变量统计确定因素权重。迭代进化建模周期方法通过将流程分为六个迭代步骤来处理复杂的建模，确保解决专业知识特定的问题，同时促进跨步骤的沟通和协作。 这两种方法都强调分段、迭代优化，避免等价性和多重性问题，协调不同维度之间的冲突并符合奥卡姆剃刀原则。这些方法为解决多因素问题引起的冲突提供了有价值的方法。