The extensive transformation of urban gardens is a significant element in the process of planetary urbanisation. This is driven by the constraints of a neoliberal political economy aimed at maximising the capitalistic utilisation of urban spaces. This study examines the conversion of urban gardens to paved or hard surface areas, a phenomenon described as "de-gardening". The study is conducted through a qualitative methodology that involves engagement with key stakeholders around Qasr al-Dasht Gardens in the city of Shiraz, Iran. The investigation traces the origins of these transformations to the 1960s, noting an acceleration in recent decades. The analysis identifies the pervasive influence of neoliberal urban planning and management discourse as a critical factor. This discourse redefines the value of garden spaces by escalating land costs and altering economic valuations by various social actors. Consequently, diverse social groups, ranging from traditional gardeners to modern urban developers, engage differently with these spaces. For traditional farmers, gardens are essential for livelihood, whereas for advocates of neoliberalism, these areas represent potential for investment, luxurious havens for peaceful and comfortable living, and capital accumulation. These conflicting views have led to extensive land use changes in Qasr al-Dasht Gardens. The study concludes by proposing policy measures and institutional frameworks aimed at preserving and enhancing urban gardens. Recommendations include the establishment of an independent municipal body dedicated to the gardens, forming non-governmental organisations and oversight groups, and reevaluating the "Organisation and Conservation Plan of the Qasr al-Dasht Gardens of Shiraz".

中文翻译：

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城市花园的转变：设拉子 Qasr al-Dasht 花园的新自由主义影响和土地使用冲突


城市花园的广泛改造是全球城市化进程中的一个重要因素。这是由旨在最大化城市空间的资本主义利用的新自由主义政治经济的限制所驱动的。这项研究探讨了城市花园向铺砌或硬质表面区域的转变，这种现象被称为“去花园化”。该研究采用定性方法进行，涉及伊朗设拉子市 Qasr al-Dasht 花园周围的主要利益相关者的参与。调查将这些转变的根源追溯到 20 世纪 60 年代，并指出近几十年来加速发展。分析认为新自由主义城市规划和管理话语的普遍影响是一个关键因素。这种论述通过提高土地成本和改变各种社会参与者的经济估值来重新定义花园空间的价值。因此，从传统园丁到现代城市开发商，不同的社会群体对这些空间的参与方式有所不同。对于传统农民来说，花园是生计所必需的，而对于新自由主义的倡导者来说，这些地区代表着投资潜力、和平舒适生活的豪华避风港以及资本积累。这些相互矛盾的观点导致 Qasr al-Dasht 花园的土地用途发生了广泛的变化。该研究最后提出了旨在保护和加强城市花园的政策措施和制度框架。建议包括建立一个专门负责花园的独立市政机构，组建非政府组织和监督小组，以及重新评估“设拉子 Qasr al-Dasht 花园的组织和保护计划”。