This study examined the influence of linguistic input on the development of productive and receptive skills across three fundamental language domains: lexico‐semantics, syntax, and phonology. Seventy‐one (35 female) Basque‐Spanish bilingual children were assessed at three time points (Fall 2018, Summer 2019, Winter 2021), between 4 and 6 years of age, by specifically examining language knowledge and spontaneous language use in each language. A direct impact of the amount of linguistic exposure on the longitudinal growth of lexico‐semantic and syntactic abilities was observed in both languages. While phonological skills were not directly influenced by exposure, they were more proficient in the more exposed language. The use of lexically diverse and syntactically rich utterances developed relatively later than language knowledge, both supported by the amount of linguistic exposure.

中文翻译：

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语言接触量对双语语言发展的贡献：学前时期的纵向证据


这项研究探讨了语言输入对三个基本语言领域（词汇语义、句法和音韵学）的生产和接受技能发展的影响。对 71 名（35 名女性）巴斯克-西班牙语双语儿童在 4 至 6 岁之间的三个时间点（2018 年秋季、2019 年夏季、2021 年冬季）进行了评估，具体检查每种语言的语言知识和自发语言使用。在两种语言中都观察到语言接触量对词汇语义和句法能力纵向增长的直接影响。虽然语音技能并没有直接受到接触的影响，但他们对接触的语言更加熟练。词汇多样化和句法丰富的话语的使用比语言知识的发展相对较晚，两者都得到了语言接触量的支持。