Land use change (LUC), including deforestation, agriculture, and urbanization, is a major contributor to climate change (CC). This change in land use has impacts on food, water, and energy systems, creating a complex interconnected web of issues. This study aimed to investigate the global link between LUC and CC from 1990 to 2012. Using time-series data from the World Bank, LUC was represented by irrigated land, arable lands, and forest areas, while CC was represented by CO₂ emissions. Moreover, the relationship between economic growth in high-income and low-income countries and LUC and CC was examined in this study. Based on the findings of this study, in low-income countries, the intensity of LUC is higher in comparison with high-income countries. Meanwhile, CO₂ emissions are increasing in middle-income and high-income countries. Economic growth is closely related to CO₂ emissions in countries with different levels of income. The study indicated that managing land use is of high importance to mitigate CO₂ emissions globally. According to the findings, recent LUC has shown more obvious effects on ecological variables than CC. Although LUC is not inherently directly related to CC, humans change land use, especially in terms of land management, to adapt to CC, and these changes will inevitably bring many environmental impacts. This study contributes significantly to advancing the understanding of the complex relationship between CC and LUC, emphasizing the need for integrated approaches in policy development. These measures are crucial to achieving resilience and meeting global CC reduction targets.

中文翻译：

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土地利用的变化和气候变化是否重叠？世界银行数据分析


土地利用变化 （LUC），包括森林砍伐、农业和城市化，是气候变化 （CC） 的主要因素。土地利用的这种变化对食物、水和能源系统产生了影响，形成了一个复杂的相互关联的问题网络。本研究旨在调查 1990 年至 2012 年 LUC 和 CC 之间的全球联系。使用世界银行的时间序列数据，LUC 由灌溉土地、耕地和森林面积表示，而 CC 由 CO₂ 排放表示。此外，本研究还考察了高收入和低收入国家经济增长与 LUC 和 CC 之间的关系。根据这项研究的结果，在低收入国家，LUC 的强度高于高收入国家。与此同时，中等收入和高收入国家的二氧化碳排放量正在增加。在不同收入水平的国家/地区的经济增长与 CO₂ 排放密切相关。研究表明，管理土地使用对于减少全球二氧化碳排放非常重要。根据研究结果，最近的 LUC 对生态变量的影响比 CC 更明显。虽然 LUC 本质上与 CC 没有直接关系，但人类为了适应 CC 而改变土地利用，尤其是在土地管理方面，这些变化必然会带来许多环境影响。本研究为促进对 CC 和 LUC 之间复杂关系的理解做出了重大贡献，强调了政策制定中采用综合方法的必要性。这些措施对于实现韧性和实现全球碳减排目标至关重要。