Unstable solid electrolyte interface (SEI) films, disordered growth of sodium dendrites and relatively large volume expansion of metal sodium are huge bottlenecks for the safety and stability of sodium metal batteries (SMBs). Herein, 2-propyn-1-ol methanesulfonate (PMS) has been proposed as a preferential anode film-forming additive to stabilize Na‖Na₃V₂(PO₄)₃ (NVP) batteries. Molecular dynamics simulations indicate that PMS additive can actively induce the solvation behavior of fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC), effectively suppressing further decomposition of solvent molecules. Moreover, in situ optical experiments, scanning electron microscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy indicate that PMS and FEC synergistically construct a SEI film rich in inorganic components such as NaF and Na₂S, significantly inhibiting the growth of sodium dendrites. Consequently, Na‖NVP full cells in 3 vol% PMS electrolyte exhibit ultra-high average coulombic efficiency of 99.9% and a capacity retention rate of 92% after 1000 cycles at 2C. This work offers an optimistic prospect for achieving safe and stable SMBs.

中文翻译：

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溶剂化结构微调实现钠金属电池的高稳定性


不稳定的固体电解质界面（SEI）膜、钠枝晶的无序生长以及金属钠较大的体积膨胀是钠金属电池（SMB）安全性和稳定性的巨大瓶颈。在此，2-丙炔-1-醇甲磺酸盐（PMS）被提议作为优先阳极成膜添加剂来稳定Na‖Na ₃ V ₂ (PO ₄ ) ₃ (NVP)电池。分子动力学模拟表明，PMS添加剂可以主动诱导氟代碳酸亚乙酯（FEC）的溶剂化行为，有效抑制溶剂分子的进一步分解。此外，原位光学实验、扫描电子显微镜和X射线光电子能谱表明，PMS和FEC协同构建富含NaF和Na ₂ S等无机成分的SEI膜，显着抑制钠枝晶的生长。因此，3 vol% PMS 电解质中的 Na‖NVP 全电池在 2C 下循环 1000 次后表现出 99.9% 的超高平均库仑效率和 92% 的容量保持率。这项工作为实现安全稳定的中小企业提供了乐观的前景。