AimTo examine the independent and joint associations of oral microbiome diversity and diet quality with risks of all‐cause and cause‐specific mortality.Materials and MethodsWe included 7,055 eligible adults from the U.S. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Oral microbiome diversity was measured with α‐diversity, including the Simpson Index, observed amplicon sequence variants (ASVs), Faith's phylogenetic diversity, and Shannon–Weiner index. Dietary quality was assessed using the Healthy Eating Index‐2015 (HEI‐2015). Cox proportional hazard models were used to assess the corresponding associations.ResultsDuring a mean follow‐up of 9.0 years, we documented 382 all‐cause deaths. We observed independent associations of oral microbiome diversity indices and dietary quality with all‐cause mortality (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.63; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.49–0.82 for observed ASVs; HR = 0.68, 95% CI: 0.52–0.89 for HEI‐2015). Jointly, participants with the highest tertiles of both oral microbiome diversity (in Simpson index) and HEI‐2015 had the lowest hazard of mortality (HR = 0.37, 95% CI: 0.23–0.60). In addition, higher oral microbiome diversity was associated with lower risks of deaths from cardiometabolic disease and cancer.ConclusionsHigher oral microbiome α‐diversity and diet quality were independently associated with lower risk of mortality.

中文翻译：

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口腔微生物组多样性和饮食质量与死亡率的关系


目的检查口腔微生物组多样性和饮食质量与全因和原因特异性死亡风险的独立和联合关联。材料和方法我们纳入了来自美国国家健康和营养检查调查 （NHANES） 的 7,055 名符合条件的成年人。口腔微生物组多样性用α多样性来衡量，包括 Simpson 指数、观察到的扩增子序列变异 （ASV）、Faith 的系统发育多样性和 Shannon-Weiner 指数。使用 2015 年健康饮食指数 （HEI-2015） 评估膳食质量。使用 Cox 比例风险模型评估相应的关联。结果在平均 9.0 年的随访中，我们记录了 382 例全因死亡。我们观察到口腔微生物组多样性指数和膳食质量与全因死亡率的独立关联（风险比 [HR] = 0.63;95% 置信区间 [CI]：观察到的 ASV 为 0.49-0.82;HR = 0.68,95% CI：HEI-2015 为 0.52-0.89）。共同而言，口腔微生物组多样性（辛普森指数）和 HEI-2015 三分位数最高的参与者的死亡风险最低 （HR = 0.37,95% CI：0.23-0.60）。此外，较高的口腔微生物组多样性与较低的心脏代谢疾病和癌症死亡风险相关。结论较高的口腔微生物组α多样性和饮食质量与较低的死亡风险独立相关。