Background:Chondrocyte viability is associated with the clinical success of osteochondral allograft (OCA) transplantation.Purpose:To investigate the effect of distal femoral OCA plug harvest and recipient site preparation on regional cell viability using traditional handheld saline irrigation versus saline submersion.Study Design:Controlled laboratory study.Methods:For each of 13 femoral hemicondyles, 4 cartilage samples were harvested: (1) 5-mm control cartilage, (2) 15-mm OCA donor plug harvested with a powered coring reamer and concurrent handheld saline irrigation (“traditional”), (3) 15-mm OCA donor plug harvested while submerged under normal saline (“submerged”), and (4) 5-mm cartilage from the peripheral rim of a recipient socket created with a 15-mm cannulated counterbore reamer to a total depth of 7 mm with concurrent handheld saline irrigation (“recipient”). The 15 mm–diameter plugs were divided into the central 5 mm and the peripheral 5 mm (2 edges) for comparisons. Samples were stained using calcein and ethidium, and live/dead cell percentages were calculated and compared across groups.Results:Compared with the submerged group, the traditional group had significantly lower percentages of live cells across the whole plug (71.54% ± 4.82% vs 61.42% ± 4.98%, respectively; P = .003), at the center of the plug (72.76% ± 5.87% vs 62.30% ± 6.11%, respectively; P = .005), and at the periphery of the plug (70.93% ± 4.51% vs 60.91% ± 4.75%, respectively; P = .003). The traditional group had significantly fewer live cells in all plug regions compared with the control group (77.51% ± 9.23%; P < .0001). There were no significant differences in cell viability between the control and submerged groups (whole: P = .590; center: P = .713; periphery: P = .799). There were no differences between the central and peripheral 5-mm plug regions for the traditional (62.30% ± 6.11% vs 60.91% ± 4.75%, respectively; P = .108) and submerged (72.76% ± 5.87% vs 70.93% ± 4.51%, respectively; P = .061) groups. The recipient group (61.10% ± 5.02%) had significantly lower cell viability compared with the control group ( P < .0001) and the periphery of the submerged group ( P = .009) but was equivalent to the periphery of the traditional group ( P = .990).Conclusion:There was a significant amount of chondrocyte death induced by OCA donor plug harvesting using a powered coring reamer with traditional handheld saline irrigation, which was mitigated by harvesting the plug while the allograft was submerged under saline.Clinical Relevance:Mitigating this thermally induced damage by harvesting the OCA plug while the allograft was submerged in saline maintained chondrocyte viability throughout the plug and may help to improve the integration and survival of OCAs.

中文翻译：

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同种异体骨软骨移植物扩孔显着影响软骨细胞的活力


背景：软骨细胞活力与同种异体骨软骨移植 (OCA) 移植的临床成功相关。目的：研究使用传统手持式盐水冲洗与盐水浸泡相比，股骨远端 OCA 栓收获和受体部位准备对区域细胞活力的影响。研究设计：受控实验室研究。方法：对于 13 个股骨半髁中的每一个，采集 4 个软骨样本：(1) 5 毫米对照软骨，(2) 使用动力取芯扩孔器和同时手持式盐水冲洗采集的 15 毫米 OCA 供体塞（“传统”），(3) 15 毫米 OCA 供体插头浸没在生理盐水下（“浸没”），以及 (4) 使用 15 毫米空心沉头扩孔钻从受体插座的外围边缘获取 5 毫米软骨总深度为 7 毫米，同时手持式盐水冲洗（“接受者”）。将直径为 15 mm 的塞子分为中心 5 mm 和外围 5 mm（2 个边缘）进行比较。使用钙黄绿素和乙锭对样品进行染色，计算并比较各组之间的活细胞/死细胞百分比。结果：与浸没组相比，传统组整个塞子的活细胞百分比明显较低（71.54% ± 4.82% vs分别为 61.42% ± 4.98%；P = .003），在插头中心（分别为 72.76% ± 5.87% vs 62.30% ± 6.11%；P = .005），以及在插头外围（70.93）分别为 % ± 4.51% 与 60.91% ± 4.75%；P = .003）。与对照组相比，传统组所有栓塞区域的活细胞均显着减少（77.51% ± 9.23%；P < .0001）。对照组和浸没组之间的细胞活力没有显着差异（整体：P = .590；中心：P = .713；外围：P = .799）。 传统（分别为 62.30% ± 6.11% 与 60.91% ± 4.75%；P = .108）和浸没式（72.76% ± 5.87% vs 70.93% ± 4.51）的中心和外围 5 mm 插头区域之间没有差异。 %，分别；P = .061)组。与对照组 ( P < .0001) 和浸没组外围 ( P = .009) 相比，接受组 (61.10% ± 5.02%) 的细胞活力明显较低，但与传统组外围相当( P = .990)。结论：使用动力取芯扩孔钻并采用传统手持式盐水冲洗进行 OCA 供体栓收获时会引起大量软骨细胞死亡，通过在同种异体移植物浸没在盐水下时收获栓可减轻这种死亡。相关性：通过在将同种异体移植物浸没在盐水中时收获 OCA 栓来减轻这种热诱导的损伤，维持整个栓的软骨细胞活力，并可能有助于改善 OCA 的整合和存活。