The effects of residential mobility on youth development outcomes related to violence and victimization have traditionally been understood from an outward mobility perspective. Less attention has been paid to predictors of intracity moves, a more common mobility practice. Research, however, should identify factors associated with intracity mobility before scholars can explore and fully understand the impacts of moving within the city on youth development outcomes such as violence and victimization and whether they are akin to those identified for moves beyond city limits. Using data from the Project on Human Development in Chicago Neighborhoods, we apply a multilevel ecological framework to assess neighborhood, family, and youth factors associated with intracity mobility. We employed hierarchical generalized linear modeling to examine within and between-neighborhood models of intracity mobility among youth and their families who moved within Chicago ( N = 426) and those who did not ( N = 867). Our investigation highlights as important factors family dynamics instability and aggression and violence at the neighborhood level. Findings show that parental divorce/separation, harsh disciplinary practices, negative school experiences such as racial/ethnic conflict, gangs, or heightened security measures, and exposure to violence predict intracity mobility. Critically, negative school experiences proved to be a robust determinant of moving as cross-level interactions suggest neighborhood crime significantly shapes how these experiences inform intracity mobility. This study emphasizes the importance of examining mobility beyond urban city limits, noting distinct predictors of intracity mobility across systemic levels. The findings fill a gap in our understanding of neighborhood turnover and stability, while also providing a foundation for exploring within and between-neighborhood differences in intracity mobility.

中文翻译：

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我应该留下来，还是现在就走？邻里、家庭和青少年对城市内流动性的预测


传统上，人们从向外流动的角度来理解居住流动对与暴力和受害相关的青年发展成果的影响。人们很少关注城市内流动的预测因素，这是一种更常见的流动实践。然而，研究应该先确定与城市内流动相关的因素，然后学者才能探索和充分理解城市内流动对青年发展结果（如暴力和受害）的影响，以及它们是否类似于在城市范围外流动所确定的影响。利用芝加哥社区人类发展项目的数据，我们应用多层次生态框架来评估与城市内流动性相关的社区、家庭和青年因素。我们采用分层广义线性模型来检查在芝加哥（N = 426）和不在芝加哥（N = 867）内搬家的青少年及其家人的城市内流动性的内部和邻里之间模型。我们的调查强调，家庭动态不稳定以及邻里层面的攻击性和暴力是重要因素。调查结果表明，父母离婚/分居、严厉的纪律处分、种族/民族冲突、帮派或加强安全措施等负面的学校经历以及接触暴力都预示着城市内的流动性。至关重要的是，负面的学校经历被证明是搬家的一个强有力的决定因素，因为跨层次的互动表明邻里犯罪极大地影响了这些经历如何影响城市内的流动。这项研究强调了研究城市范围之外的流动性的重要性，并指出了跨系统层面的城市内流动性的独特预测因素。 这些发现填补了我们对社区流动性和稳定性理解的空白，同时也为探索城市内流动性的社区内部和社区之间的差异提供了基础。