The widespread use of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs), and their resistance to degradation, renders human exposure to them inevitable. PFAS exposure disturbs endocrine function, potentially affecting cognitive development in newborns through thyroid dysfunction during pregnancy. Recent studies reveal varying male and female reproductive toxicity across PFAS classes, with alternative analogs affecting sperm parameters and legacy PFASs correlating with conditions like endometriosis. Metabolically, PFASs exposure is linked to metabolic disorders, including obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), dyslipidemia, and liver toxicity, particularly in early childhood. This review focuses on the endocrine-disrupting impact of PFASs, particularly on fertility, thyroid, and metabolic functions. We highlight the complexity of the PFAS issue, given the large number of molecules and their extremely diverse mixed effects.

中文翻译：

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全氟烷基和多氟烷基物质作为持久性污染物，具有代谢和内分泌干扰的影响。


全氟烷基物质和多氟烷基物质 (PFAS) 的广泛使用及其不易降解，使得人类不可避免地接触到它们。 PFAS 暴露会扰乱内分泌功能，可能会通过怀孕期间的甲状腺功能障碍影响新生儿的认知发育。最近的研究揭示了不同 PFAS 类别的男性和女性生殖毒性不同，替代类似物会影响精子参数，而遗留 PFAS 则与子宫内膜异位症等疾病相关。在代谢方面，PFAS 暴露与代谢紊乱有关，包括肥胖、2 型糖尿病 (T2DM)、血脂异常和肝毒性，特别是在儿童早期。本综述重点关注 PFAS 的内分泌干扰影响，特别是对生育、甲状腺和代谢功能的影响。鉴于分子数量众多且其混合效应极其多样，我们强调了 PFAS 问题的复杂性。