QUESTION Mindfulness-based programmes (MBPs) and practices have demonstrated effects in mental health and well-being, yet questions regarding the target mechanisms that drive change across the population remain unresolved. STUDY SELECTION AND ANALYSIS Five databases were searched for randomised controlled trials that evaluate the indirect effects (IEs) of an MBP or mindfulness practice in relation to mental health and well-being outcomes through psychological mechanisms. FINDINGS 27 eligible studies were identified, with only four exploring mechanisms in the context of specific mindfulness practices. Significant IEs were reported for mindfulness skills, decentering and attitudes of mindfulness (eg, self-compassion) across different outcomes, population samples, mental health strategies and active comparators. Evidence gap maps and requirements for testing and reporting IEs are provided to help guide future work. CONCLUSIONS Mindfulness skills, decentering and attitudes of mindfulness may be key intervention targets for addressing the mental health of whole populations. However, future work needs to address significant knowledge gaps regarding the evidence for alternative mechanisms (eg, attention and awareness) in relation to unique outcomes (eg, well-being), mental health strategies (ie, promotion) and active comparators. High-quality trials, with powered multivariate mediation analyses that meet key requirements, will be needed to advance this area of work. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER 10.17605/OSF.IO/NY2AH.

中文翻译：

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基于正念的计划和实践的目标机制：范围界定审查。


问题 基于正念的计划 (MBP) 和实践已证明对心理健康和福祉有影响，但有关推动人群变革的目标机制的问题仍未解决。研究选择和分析 检索了五个数据库中的随机对照试验，这些试验通过心理机制评估 MBP 或正念练习对心理健康和福祉结果的间接影响 (IE)。结果 确定了 27 项符合条件的研究，其中只有 4 项是在特定正念实践背景下探索机制的。据报告，在不同的结果、人群样本、心理健康策略和积极的比较者中，正念技能、偏心和正念态度（例如自我慈悲）有显着的IE。提供了证据差距图以及测试和报告 IE 的要求，以帮助指导未来的工作。结论 正念技能、去中心化和正念态度可能是解决整个人群心理健康问题的关键干预目标。然而，未来的工作需要解决关于与独特结果（例如，福祉）、心理健康策略（例如，促进）和积极比较器相关的替代机制（例如，注意力和意识）的证据方面的重大知识差距。推进这一领域的工作需要高质量的试验，以及满足关键要求的有力的多元中介分析。试用注册号：10.17605/OSF.IO/NY2AH。