Physical exercise is widely recognized for its benefits to individuals' general health, yet its implications for in-role and extrarole job performance, especially on demanding workdays, have rarely been explored. This oversight is concerning as high work demands can deter employees from exercising when they are unaware that exercise can improve their job performance on demanding workdays. In this research, we draw on the effort-recovery model to propose that daily physical exercise not only promotes next-day well-being but also enhances next-day in-role job performance and extrarole organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) by fostering positive affect and work engagement the following day. Moreover, these benefits of daily physical exercise are more pronounced on days with high rather than low work demands. Results from two experience sampling studies generally support our hypotheses, revealing that daily physical exercise contributes to next-day well-being, both self- and leader-rated in-role job performance and self-rated, but not leader-rated, extrarole OCB, through the sequential mediation of next-morning positive affect and next-day work engagement. Furthermore, these benefits of physical exercise are more evident on days when employees face high overall work demands (Study 1) and in particular on days with high-hindrance demands but on days with low-challenge demands (Study 2). (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

中文翻译：

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工作变得艰难时的日常锻炼处方：工作需求对日常体育锻炼与第二天的幸福感和工作绩效之间关系的调节作用。


体育锻炼因其对个人整体健康的好处而被广泛认可，但它对角色内和角色外工作表现的影响，尤其是在要求苛刻的工作日，却很少被探讨。这种疏忽令人担忧，因为高工作要求会阻止员工在不知道锻炼可以提高他们在苛刻的工作日的工作表现时进行锻炼。在这项研究中，我们利用努力恢复模型提出，日常体育锻炼不仅可以促进第二天的幸福感，还可以通过培养第二天的积极影响和工作参与度来提高第二天的角色内工作表现和角色外组织公民行为 （OCB）。此外，日常体育锻炼的这些好处在工作要求高而不是低的日子里更为明显。两项经验抽样研究的结果通常支持我们的假设，表明日常体育锻炼有助于第二天的幸福感，无论是自我评价和领导者评价的角色工作表现，还是自我评价但不是领导者评价的职责外 OCB，通过第二天早上的积极影响和第二天工作参与的顺序中介。此外，体育锻炼的这些好处在员工面临高总体工作要求的日子里更为明显（研究 1），特别是在障碍要求高但挑战要求低的日子里（研究 2）。（PsycInfo 数据库记录 （c） 2024 APA，保留所有权利）。