It is well documented that female minority founders (FMFs) face disadvantages in starting and scaling their ventures. However, the causes of these disadvantages-as well as how FMFs navigate these challenges-are less understood. Our article adopts an intersectionality lens, which allows us to focus on and examine the multiple intersecting dimensions of FMFs (such as gender, ethnicity, migrant status, and social class) and how they influence their entrepreneurial experiences. Drawing upon an inductive study of FMFs operating in Berlin, we build a theory on intersectional identity and image work in startup contexts. We found key structural barriers that serve to sustain inequality and continue to favor more prototypical founders. However, we also identified sources of penalties and privileges that exacerbate (or mitigate) inequality and result in founder image discrepancy. Our analysis demonstrates how founder image discrepancy can prompt FMFs to engage in a progression of intersectional identity and image work that shapes their founder identity. These findings advance entrepreneurship and identity research by extending our understanding of how intersectional identity challenges and opportunities manifest and can be managed within startup contexts. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

中文翻译：

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超越原型：在创业环境中解开少数族裔女性创始人的交叉身份和形象作品。


有充分证据表明，少数族裔女性创始人 (FMF) 在创办和扩大企业规模时面临不利条件。然而，造成这些缺点的原因以及 FMF 如何应对这些挑战却鲜为人知。我们的文章采用了交叉性的视角，这使我们能够关注和研究FMF的多个交叉维度（例如性别、种族、移民身份和社会阶层）以及它们如何影响他们的创业经历。基于对柏林运营的 FMF 的归纳研究，我们建立了关于初创企业背景下的交叉身份和形象工作的理论。我们发现了关键的结构性障碍，这些障碍有助于维持不平等并继续有利于更多典型的创始人。然而，我们还发现了加剧（或减轻）不平等并导致创始人形象差异的惩罚和特权的来源。我们的分析表明，创始人形象差异如何促使 FMF 参与一系列交叉身份和形象工作，从而塑造其创始人身份。这些发现通过扩展我们对交叉身份挑战和机遇如何在初创企业环境中显现和管理的理解，推进了创业和身份研究。 （PsycInfo 数据库记录 (c) 2024 APA，保留所有权利）。