PURPOSE OF REVIEW Oscillopsia and unsteadiness are common and highly debilitating symptoms in individuals with bilateral vestibulopathy. A lack of adequate treatment options encouraged the investigation of vestibular implants, which aim to restore vestibular function with motion-modulated electrical stimulation. This review aims to outline the ocular and postural responses that can be evoked with electrical prosthetic stimulation of the semicircular canals and discuss potential approaches to further optimize evoked responses. Particular focus is given to the stimulation paradigm. RECENT FINDINGS Feasibility studies in animals paved the way for vestibular implantation in human patients with bilateral vestibulopathy. Recent human trials demonstrated prosthetic electrical stimulation to partially restore vestibular reflexes, enhance dynamic visual acuity, and generate controlled postural responses. To further optimize prosthetic performance, studies predominantly targeted eye responses elicited by the vestibulo-ocular reflex, aiming to minimize misalignments and asymmetries while maximizing the response. Changes of stimulation parameters are shown to hold promise to increase prosthetic efficacy, together with surgical refinements and neuroplastic effects. SUMMARY Optimization of the stimulation paradigm, in combination with a more precise electrode placement, holds great potential to enhance the clinical benefit of vestibular implants.

中文翻译：

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前庭神经的电刺激：评估前庭植入物优化的效果和潜在起点。


回顾目的 振荡和不稳定是双侧前庭病患者常见且高度衰弱的症状。由于缺乏足够的治疗选择，鼓励了对前庭植入物的研究，其目的是通过运动调制电刺激来恢复前庭功能。本综述旨在概述半规管电假体刺激可诱发的眼部和姿势反应，并讨论进一步优化诱发反应的潜在方法。特别关注刺激范式。最近的发现 在动物身上进行的可行性研究为双侧前庭病患者的前庭植入铺平了道路。最近的人体试验表明，假肢电刺激可以部分恢复前庭反射，增强动态视力，并产生受控的姿势反应。为了进一步优化假肢性能，研究主要针对前庭眼反射引起的眼睛反应，旨在最大限度地减少错位和不对称，同时最大限度地提高反应。刺激参数的变化被证明有望提高假肢功效，以及手术改进和神经可塑性效果。摘要 刺激范例的优化与更精确的电极放置相结合，具有增强前庭植入物临床效益的巨大潜力。