Status researchers have recognized virtue, competence, and dominance as distinct, viable routes to attaining status. While acknowledging that these routes could be compatible and may not operate independently, prior research relying on a variable-centered perspective has largely neglected their potentially complex interactions. This article integrates a person-centered perspective with the variable-centered perspective to explore how different routes conjointly shape workplace status. Study 1A (N = 537) employs latent profile analysis, an inductive person-centered method, to re-analyze existing survey data, identifying seven distinct profiles of virtue, competence, and dominance that people use to attain status. Study 1B (N = 988) confirms the existence of these profiles in an independent sample of full-time U.S. workers, albeit with nuanced differences in levels. Across our initial studies, these profiles differ in status attainment, with a profile characterized by high virtue and competence but low dominance associated with the highest status-a key discovery challenging to uncover using the variable-centered approach alone. Study 2 (N = 792), a preregistered experiment manipulating the three routes in hypothetical scenarios, gathers causal evidence confirming these profiles' varying effectiveness. Study 3 (N = 785), another preregistered experiment using refined manipulations, corroborates the findings of Study 2 and provides evidence for the relevance of these causal insights to real-life workplace contexts. This research has several crucial implications: reaching the top requires a combination of multiple routes; conflating virtue and competence under the umbrella of "prestige" obscures their unique contributions; and dominance's positive effect on status is not universally applicable. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

中文翻译：

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美德、能力和支配力如何共同塑造工作中的地位：整合以人为中心和以变量为中心的方法。


地位研究人员已经认识到美德、能力和支配力是获得地位的独特而可行的途径。虽然承认这些路线可能是兼容的并且可能无法独立运作，但先前基于以变量为中心的视角的研究在很大程度上忽略了它们潜在的复杂相互作用。本文将以人为中心的视角与以变量为中心的视角相结合，探讨不同路径如何共同塑造职场状态。研究 1A（N = 537）采用潜在概况分析（一种以人为中心的归纳方法）来重新分析现有调查数据，确定人们用来获得地位的七种不同的美德、能力和优势概况。研究 1B（N = 988）证实了美国全职工人的独立样本中存在这些特征，尽管水平存在细微差别。在我们的初步研究中，这些概况在地位获得方面有所不同，其特点是高品德和能力，但与最高地位相关的主导地位较低——这是一个仅使用以变量为中心的方法难以发现的关键发现。研究 2 (N = 792) 是一项预先注册的实验，在假设场景中操纵这三种途径，收集了因果证据，证实了这些概况的不同有效性。研究 3 (N = 785) 是另一项使用精细操作的预先注册实验，它证实了研究 2 的结果，并为这些因果见解与现实工作场所环境的相关性提供了证据。 这项研究有几个重要的意义：到达顶峰需要多条路线的组合；将美德和能力混为一谈，掩盖了他们独特的贡献；而且支配地位对地位的积极影响并不普遍适用。 （PsycInfo 数据库记录 (c) 2024 APA，保留所有权利）。