Sepsis is a dysregulated host response to infection that leads to life-threatening organ dysfunction. Half of the 50 million people affected by sepsis globally every year are neonates and children younger than 19 years. This burden on the paediatric population translates into a disproportionate impact on global child health in terms of years of life lost, morbidity, and lost opportunities for children to reach their developmental potential. This Series on paediatric sepsis presents the current state of diagnosis and treatment of sepsis in children, and maps the challenges in alleviating the burden on children, their families, and society. Drawing on diverse experience and multidisciplinary expertise, we offer a roadmap to improving outcomes for children with sepsis. This first paper of the Series is a narrative review of the burden of paediatric sepsis from low-income to high-income settings. Advances towards improved operationalisation of paediatric sepsis across all age groups have facilitated more standardised assessment of the Global Burden of Disease estimates of the impact of sepsis on child health, and these estimates are expected to gain further precision with the roll out of the new Phoenix criteria for sepsis. Sepsis remains one of the leading causes of childhood morbidity and mortality, with immense direct and indirect societal costs. Although substantial regional differences persist in relation to incidence, microbiological epidemiology, and outcomes, these cannot be explained by differences in income level alone. Recent insights into post-discharge sequelae after paediatric sepsis, ranging from late mortality and persistent neurodevelopmental impairment to reduced health-related quality of life, show how common post-sepsis syndrome is in children. Targeting sepsis as a key contributor to poor health outcomes in children is therefore an essential component of efforts to meet the Sustainable Development Goals.

中文翻译：

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儿童败血症的负担和当代流行病学。


脓毒症是宿主对感染的反应失调，导致危及生命的器官功能障碍。全球每年有 5000 万败血症患者，其中一半是新生儿和 19 岁以下儿童。儿科人口的这种负担转化为对全球儿童健康的不成比例的影响，包括寿命损失、发病率和儿童发挥其发展潜力的机会。本小儿脓毒症系列介绍了儿童脓毒症的诊断和治疗现状，并描绘了减轻儿童、其家庭和社会负担的挑战。凭借丰富的经验和多学科专业知识，我们提供了改善脓毒症儿童治疗结果的路线图。该系列的第一篇论文是对从低收入到高收入环境的儿科脓毒症负担的叙述性回顾。所有年龄组儿童脓毒症操作化的进步促进了对脓毒症对儿童健康影响的全球疾病负担估计进行更加标准化的评估，并且随着新凤凰标准的推出，这些估计预计将获得进一步的精确度用于败血症。脓毒症仍然是儿童发病和死亡的主要原因之一，造成巨大的直接和间接社会成本。尽管在发病率、微生物流行病学和结果方面仍然存在巨大的地区差异，但这些差异不能仅用收入水平的差异来解释。最近对儿科脓毒症出院后后遗症的见解，从晚期死亡率和持续性神经发育障碍到健康相关生活质量下降，表明脓毒症后综合症在儿童中是多么常见。 因此，将脓毒症作为导致儿童健康状况不佳的一个关键因素，是实现可持续发展目标的重要组成部分。