Lyme disease is caused by the spirochete, Borrelia burgdorferi, which is transmitted by Ixodes spp ticks. The rise in Lyme disease cases since its discovery in the 1970s has reinforced the need for a vaccine. A vaccine based on B burgdorferi outer surface protein A (OspA) was approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) several decades ago, but was pulled from the market a few years later, reportedly due to poor sales, despite multiple organizations concluding that it was safe and effective. Newer OspA-based vaccines are being developed and are likely to be available in the coming years. More recently, there has been a push to develop vaccines that target the tick vector instead of the pathogen to inhibit tick feeding and thus prevent transmission of tick-borne pathogens to humans and wildlife reservoirs. This review outlines the history of Lyme disease vaccines and this movement to anti-tick vaccine approaches.

中文翻译：

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接种疫苗预防莱姆病：迈向抗蜱方法的运动


莱姆病由螺旋体伯氏疏螺旋体引起，伯氏疏螺旋体由硬蜱传播。自 1970 年代发现莱姆病以来，莱姆病病例的增加加强了对疫苗的需求。一种基于伯氏疏螺旋体外表面蛋白 A （OspA） 的疫苗在几十年前获得美国食品和药物管理局 （FDA） 的批准，但几年后被撤出市场，据报道是由于销售不佳，尽管多个组织得出结论认为它是安全有效的。基于 OspA 的新型疫苗正在开发中，并可能在未来几年内上市。最近，人们正在推动开发针对蜱媒而不是病原体的疫苗，以抑制蜱虫进食，从而防止蜱媒病原体传播给人类和野生动物宿主。本综述概述了莱姆病疫苗的历史以及这种向抗蜱疫苗方法的运动。