Lung transplant recipients (LTRs) are susceptible to severe Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) and had lower immune responses to primary severe acute respiratory syndrome-related to coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccination as compared to the general population and to other solid organ transplant recipients. As immunity induced by booster vaccination and natural infection has increased since the beginning of the pandemic in the general population, immunity acquired by LTRs is not well documented. Humoral and cellular immunity to SARS-CoV-2 was monitored in February and May 2023 in 30 LTRs and compared to that of health care workers (HCWs) and nursing home residents (NHRs). LTRs had significantly lower levels of SARS-CoV-2 binding and neutralizing antibodies and lower interferon-gamma responses to Wuhan, Delta, and XBB1.5 variants as compared to HCWs and NHRs. Humoral immunity decreased between the 2 visits, whereas cellular immunity remained more stable. The persistent defect in SARS-CoV-2 immunity in LTRs should encourage continued monitoring and preventive measures for this vulnerable population.

中文翻译：

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肺移植受者的 SARS-CoV-2 体液和细胞免疫持续缺陷。


肺移植受者 （LTR） 易患 2019 年严重冠状病毒病 （COVID-19），与普通人群和其他实体器官移植受者相比，对冠状病毒 2 相关原发性严重急性呼吸系统综合症 （SARS-CoV-2） 疫苗接种的免疫反应较低。由于自大流行开始以来，加强疫苗接种和自然感染在普通人群中诱导的免疫力有所增加，因此 LTR 获得的免疫力没有得到很好的记录。2023 年 2 月和 5 月，在 30 个 LTR 中监测了对 SARS-CoV-2 的体液和细胞免疫力，并与医护人员 （HCW） 和疗养院居民 （NHR） 进行了比较。与 HCW 和 NHR 相比，LTR 的 SARS-CoV-2 结合和中和抗体水平显著降低，对 Wuhan、Delta 和 XBB1.5 变体的干扰素-γ 反应较低。2 次就诊之间的体液免疫降低，而细胞免疫保持更稳定。LTR 中 SARS-CoV-2 免疫力的持续缺陷应鼓励对这一弱势群体进行持续监测和预防措施。