In psychology, choices are influenced by either goal-directed or habitual systems, which are represented by model-based (MB) and model-free (MF) reinforcement learning algorithms. This paper introduces these concepts into the transportation literature and shows that individuals with habitual tendencies often fail to consider new, potentially superior, alternatives. Across two experiments, participants chose between two bus options, with a third, objectively superior option introduced in a later phase. In both experiments, participants engaging in habitual behavior were less likely to explore the new alternative. Furthermore, we found habitual tendencies were moderated by self-reported stress levels, which is consistent with previous results in the psychological literature. This implies that new transportation modes or routes may remain underused as travelers adhere to habitual patterns, disregarding the introduction of potentially better alternatives, and prompt for public policies that aim to promote goal-directed behavior.

中文翻译：

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习惯和更好的交通选择的子探索：双系统方法


在心理学中，选择受目标导向或习惯系统的影响，这些系统由基于模型 （MB） 和无模型 （MF） 的强化学习算法表示。本文将这些概念引入交通文献，并表明具有习惯倾向的人往往不考虑新的、可能更优越的替代方案。在两个实验中，参与者在两个总线选项之间进行选择，第三个客观上更好的选项在稍后阶段引入。在这两个实验中，从事习惯性行为的参与者不太可能探索新的替代方案。此外，我们发现习惯倾向受到自我报告的压力水平的调节，这与心理学文献中以前的结果一致。这意味着新的交通方式或路线可能仍然未得到充分利用，因为旅行者坚持习惯模式，无视可能更好的替代方案的引入，并促使旨在促进目标导向行为的公共政策。