Herein, borazine (BN) assisted-oriented surface imprinted electrochemical sensor was designed for umifenovir (UMI) detection in serum and urine samples. An imprinted electrochemical sensor was developed via photopolymerization whereas butyl methacrylate monomer (BuMA) was selected as the functional monomer for coordinating the template molecules, UMI in the presence of BN as orientating UMI molecules between polymeric phase and the electrode surface. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) were used to verify the electrochemical characterizations of the alterations at each step of the MIP production process. The created sensor was also characterized via contact angle, Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometry attenuated total reflection (FTIR-ATR), atomic force spectroscopy (AFM), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) measurements. Furthermore, the electronic and molecular alterations on the electrode surface were assessed using quantum chemical calculations. Using differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) and EIS methods in standard solution and biological fluid samples, UMI was determined separately. The dynamic linear range of the designed sensor under optimized experimental conditions was found to be 0.50–7.50 pM and 0.25–5.00 pM for DPV and EIS methods, respectively. The developed sensor exhibited good recognition ability towards UMI molecules in the presence of its analogues as well as other interferents. As a result, the proposed sensors demonstrated excellent selectivity, high sensitivity, repeatability, and reproducibility performance for UMI analysis in commercial serum and urine samples.

中文翻译：

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环硼嗪辅助定向分子印迹电化学传感器的研制，用于EIS和DPV法检测血清和尿液中的乌非诺韦


本文设计了环硼嗪（BN）辅助定向表面印迹电化学传感器，用于血清和尿液样本中乌非诺韦（UMI）的检测。通过光聚合开发了一种印迹电化学传感器，而选择甲基丙烯酸丁酯单体（BuMA）作为功能单体来协调模板分子，UMI在BN存在下作为在聚合物相和电极表面之间定向UMI分子。使用循环伏安法 (CV) 和电化学阻抗谱 (EIS) 来验证 MIP 生产过程每个步骤中变化的电化学特征。还通过接触角、傅里叶变换红外分光光度法衰减全反射 (FTIR-ATR)、原子力光谱 (AFM) 和扫描电子显微镜 (SEM) 测量来表征所创建的传感器。此外，使用量子化学计算评估了电极表面的电子和分子变化。采用差分脉冲伏安法（DPV）和EIS方法分别测定标准溶液和生物体液样品中的UMI。在优化实验条件下，DPV 和 EIS 方法的动态线性范围分别为 0.50–7.50 pM 和 0.25–5.00 pM。所开发的传感器在 UMI 分子类似物以及其他干扰物存在的情况下表现出良好的识别能力。因此，所提出的传感器在商业血清和尿液样本的 UMI 分析中表现出优异的选择性、高灵敏度、重复性和重现性。