Open data platforms freely provide citizens with access to public data, thus enabling improved governance transparency, enhanced public services, and increased civic engagement. However, unlocking the potential of this digital transformation strategy requires that public institutions manage the tension between public and private interests. Furthermore, even when public institutions break down traditional barriers for citizens’ access to data, the potential users often lack the knowledge to leverage it in meaningful ways. Open data platforms therefore tend to fall short of expectations. Leveraging a 10-year action design research study (ADR) in the Swedish Transport Administration (STA), this paper develops design principles for creating value-generating open data platforms in the public domain. The ADR project was initiated to assist STA in its efforts to deal with outlaw innovators who scraped train data from different websites to develop travel apps. Through three iterative design cycles that eventually led to the formation of a new open data platform, the outlaw innovators increasingly became valued partners in the digital transformation process. Theorizing this development process, this paper offers three design principles that provide guidance to public institutions aspiring to digitally transform by making public data accessible. We also reflect upon how these institutions might mitigate the risks associated with partnering with outlaw innovators in the pursuit of an open data strategy.

中文翻译：

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开放数据平台：拥抱非法创新者的设计原则


开放数据平台免费为公民提供公共数据访问权限，从而提高治理透明度、增强公共服务并增加公民参与。然而，释放这一数字化转型战略的潜力需要公共机构管理公共利益和私人利益之间的紧张关系。此外，即使公共机构打破了公民获取数据的传统障碍，潜在用户也往往缺乏以有意义的方式利用数据的知识。因此，开放数据平台往往达不到预期。本文利用瑞典交通管理局 (STA) 为期 10 年的行动设计研究 (ADR)，制定了在公共领域创建创造价值的开放数据平台的设计原则。 ADR 项目的发起是为了协助 STA 打击从不同网站抓取火车数据来开发旅行应用程序的非法创新者。经过三个迭代设计周期，最终形成了一个新的开放数据平台，非法创新者逐渐成为数字化转型过程中的重要合作伙伴。本文对这一开发过程进行了理论分析，提出了三个设计原则，为渴望通过提供公共数据来实现数字化转型的公共机构提供指导。我们还思考了这些机构如何减轻与非法创新者合作以追求开放数据战略相关的风险。