Policymakers have adopted built environment policies to modify people's travel behavior and the related emissions. However, few studies have examined the interactive impact between income level and built environment attributes on travel-related carbon emissions (TCE), and only several studies consider their nonlinear relationships. With data from the Twin Cities, US, this study estimated the nonlinear effects of built environment attributes and demographics on TCE. It further examined the interactive impacts between household income and built environment attributes. The findings highlight that demographics exert a greater influence on TCE than the built environment. Employment status, job accessibility, and gender are the most important predictors. Besides individual nonlinear relationships, household income and built environment attributes have salient interactive impacts on TCE. The results suggest that providing environment friendly and affordable transportation choices to low-income population, switching to clean energy vehicles, and offering more matched job opportunities to low-income population near their residence are promising to create a sustainable transportation system.

中文翻译：

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收入调节建筑环境属性对旅行相关碳排放的非线性影响


政策制定者已采取建筑环境政策来改变人们的出行行为和相关排放。然而，很少有研究探讨收入水平和建筑环境属性之间对旅行相关碳排放（TCE）的交互影响，并且只有几项研究考虑了它们的非线性关系。本研究利用美国双城的数据估计了建筑环境属性和人口统计对 TCE 的非线性影响。它进一步研究了家庭收入与建筑环境属性之间的交互影响。研究结果强调，人口特征对 TCE 的影响比建筑环境更大。就业状况、工作机会和性别是最重要的预测因素。除了个体非线性关系外，家庭收入和建成环境属性对 TCE 也有显着的交互影响。结果表明，为低收入人群提供环境友好且负担得起的交通选择，改用清洁能源汽车，并为居住地附近的低收入人群提供更多匹配的就业机会，有望创建可持续的交通系统。