Monitoring the coffee leaf miner and natural parasitism is an important part of integrated pest management, and knowing the spatial distribution patterns of this pest can help improve sampling plans. This study aimed to determine spatial and temporal distributions of the coffee leaf miner infestation and natural parasitism in coffee plantations of different insecticide use and landscape configurations in the Planalto region, Bahia, Brazil. We monitored five coffee farms with different insecticide management practices in insecticide use and landscape features during two seasons, from December 2020 to November 2021. In each coffee farm, four regular grid plots of 30 points were established, for a total of 120 sample points per farm, that were georeferenced. Each point was a group of five coffee plants within 5 m of each other, 30 m in distance. Monthly collections of mined leaves were carried out at each sampling point to determine the infestation and natural parasitism rates. Geostatistical analysis was used to determine the spatial distribution of infestations and natural parasitism using semivariograms. Landscape metrics of each coffee plantation were surveyed in buffers ranging from 500 to 3000 m to assess their effects on population aggregation. Infestations of L. and natural parasitism of the pest occurred throughout the year and at varying intensities among farms. infestation and natural parasitism exhibited moderate aggregation patterns in most sampling months. The aggregation of infestations and natural parasitism were influenced by landscape and insecticide use. Forest cover, land cover use diversity, and insecticide use increased aggregation of infestations and natural parasitism, whereas edge density decreased aggregation of both. The study suggests that it may be beneficial to review the current sampling plans for the coffee leaf miner and the natural parasitism in coffee farms. This information can improve the integrated management of the pest in coffee farms and assist in decision-making regarding control strategies.

中文翻译：

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景观和杀虫剂使用影响巴西咖啡农业生态系统中白翅蛾侵染和自然寄生时空分布


监测咖啡潜叶蛾和自然寄生是害虫综合治理的重要组成部分，了解这种害虫的空间分布模式有助于改进采样计划。本研究旨在确定巴西巴伊亚 Planalto 地区不同杀虫剂使用和景观配置的咖啡种植园中咖啡潜叶蛾侵染和自然寄生的空间和时间分布。我们在2020年12月至2021年11月的两个季节对5个采用不同杀虫剂管理做法的咖啡农场的杀虫剂使用和景观特征进行了监测。在每个咖啡农场中，建立了4个30个点的规则网格样地，每个咖啡农场总共120个样本点。农场，经过地理参考。每个点是一组五株咖啡树，彼此相距 5 m，距离 30 m。每月在每个采样点收集开采的树叶，以确定侵染率和自然寄生率。地统计分析用于使用半变异函数确定侵染和自然寄生的空间分布。在 500 至 3000 m 的缓冲区内对每个咖啡种植园的景观指标进行了调查，以评估其对人口聚集的影响。 L. 的侵扰和害虫的自然寄生全年发生，且各农场的强度不同。在大多数采样月份中，侵染和自然寄生表现出中等的聚集模式。侵扰和自然寄生的聚集受到景观和杀虫剂使用的影响。森林覆盖、土地覆盖利用多样性和杀虫剂使用增加了侵染和自然寄生的聚集，而边缘密度则减少了两者的聚集。 该研究表明，审查当前咖啡潜叶蛾的采样计划和咖啡农场的自然寄生可能是有益的。这些信息可以改善咖啡农场害虫的综合管理，并协助制定有关控制策略的决策。