Concerns surrounding electronic addictions, an umbrella term including any clinically significant technology-based addictive problem, have increased as technology has advanced. Although researchers and clinicians have observed detrimental effects associated with excessive technology use, there is no agreed-on definition or set of criteria for these problems. The lack of a consistent understanding of electronic addictions has led to a lack of consistency in both assessment and treatment studies, precluding strong recommendations for effective screening and clinical intervention. This meta-review integrates findings from 22 systematic reviews and meta-analyses of electronic addictions to determine which measures and interventions may effectively measure and treat electronic addictions. We conducted a meta-review using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Findings suggest that although some measures may have good internal consistency and reliability among college students, there was a general lack of consistency in how measures were used across studies, making comparison difficult. Psychological and exercise-based interventions were shown to reduce symptoms of electronic addictions short-term, but no treatment was superior to others in overall symptom reduction. Most included reviews raise serious concerns about the lack of consensus on what constitutes an electronic addiction. Consequently, it was not possible to draw conclusions about the overall efficacy of any measurement tools or interventions. We provide suggestions for next steps to establish the phenomenology of electronic addictions before additional research on assessment and intervention is conducted.

中文翻译：

---

电子“成瘾”筛查和治疗的元回顾


随着技术的进步，人们对电子成瘾的担忧有所增加，电子成瘾是一个总称，包括任何具有临床意义的基于技术的成瘾问题。尽管研究人员和临床医生已经观察到与过度使用技术相关的有害影响，但对于这些问题，还没有公认的定义或标准。对电子成瘾缺乏一致的理解导致评估和治疗研究缺乏一致性，从而排除了有效筛查和临床干预的有力建议。本荟萃综述整合了 22 项电子成瘾系统评价和荟萃分析的结果，以确定哪些措施和干预措施可以有效地测量和治疗电子成瘾。我们使用系统综述和荟萃分析的首选报告项目指南进行了meta综述。研究结果表明，尽管一些措施在大学生中可能具有良好的内部一致性和可靠性，但不同研究中使用的措施普遍缺乏一致性，因此难以进行比较。基于心理和运动的干预措施被证明可以在短期内减轻电子成瘾的症状，但在总体症状减轻方面，没有一种治疗优于其他治疗。大多数纳入的评论都引起了对什么是电子成瘾缺乏共识的严重担忧。因此，无法就任何测量工具或干预措施的总体疗效得出结论。在进行有关评估和干预的进一步研究之前，我们为下一步建立电子成瘾现象学提供了建议。