How do groups remember their shared past? Are there individual differences within a group? How easy is it to change collective memories? The present article addresses these questions by focusing on differences within national subgroups, exploring how national collective memories might differ for Black and White Americans, how individual differences and external influences might moderate or alter any differences, and the temporal extent of any changes that might occur due to external influences. Across four studies, participants were asked to identify the five "most important" events in U.S. history and then asked about their political ideology and racial and national identification, though not in every study. Although individual differences emerged, Black and White participants differed in the types of events they identified as important in U.S. history, with Black participants identifying more race-relevant events than White participants and White participants identifying more traditional founding events than Black participants. As to changes in collective memory, in response to a minimal identity salience manipulation, the murder of George Floyd, and July 4th celebrations, national collective memories evidenced malleability only after the murder of George Floyd. In this instance, the mention of race-relevant events increased, even as the frequency of mention of traditional founding events remained stable. The observed increase in race-relevant events was temporary, however. Findings are discussed in relation to contemporary discussions on collective memory, especially with respect to group differences, individual differences within groups, and mnemonic inertia. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

中文翻译：

---

美国黑人和白人之间具有可塑性的民族集体记忆。


群体如何记住他们共同的过去？群体内是否存在个体差异？改变集体记忆有多容易？本文通过关注国家亚群体内部的差异来解决这些问题，探讨美国黑人和白人的国家集体记忆可能有何不同，个体差异和外部影响如何缓和或改变任何差异，以及可能发生的任何变化的时间范围由于外部影响。在四项研究中，参与者被要求指出美国历史上五个“最重要”的事件，然后询问他们的政治意识形态以及种族和民族认同，尽管并非每项研究都如此。尽管出现了个体差异，但黑人和白人参与者在他们认为在美国历史上重要的事件类型上有所不同，黑人参与者比白人参与者识别更多与种族相关的事件，而白人参与者比黑人参与者识别更多传统的建国事件。至于集体记忆的变化，为了应对最小的身份显着性操纵、乔治·弗洛伊德被谋杀和 7 月 4 日庆祝活动，国家集体记忆只有在乔治·弗洛伊德被谋杀后才表现出可塑性。在这种情况下，尽管提及传统建国事件的频率保持稳定，但与种族相关的事件的提及有所增加。然而，观察到的种族相关事件的增加是暂时的。研究结果与当代关于集体记忆的讨论相关，特别是关于群体差异、群体内个体差异和记忆惰性的讨论进行了讨论。 （PsycInfo 数据库记录 (c) 2024 APA，保留所有权利）。