MicroRNAs (miRNAs) represent a class of non-coding small RNAs that are prevalent in eukaryotes, typically comprising approximately 22 nucleotides, and have the ability to post-transcriptionally regulate gene expression. miRNAs exhibit diverse types and functions, with mechanisms of action that include cell differentiation, proliferation, apoptosis, and regulation of signaling pathways. Both viruses and their hosts can encode miRNAs, which serve as crucial effector molecules in the complex interaction between viruses and host cells. Host miRNAs can either directly interact with the virus genome to inhibit virus replication or facilitate virus replication by providing necessary substances. Viral miRNAs can directly bind to host mRNAs, thereby influencing translation efficiency, suppressing the immune response, and ultimately enhancing virus replication. This article comprehensively reviews the roles of miRNAs in virus-host interactions, aiming to provide valuable insights into viral pathogenic mechanisms and potential therapeutic approaches.

中文翻译：

---

miRNA 在人类感染性病毒与宿主相互作用中的作用研究进展：综述。


MicroRNA (miRNA) 代表真核生物中普遍存在的一类非编码小RNA，通常包含约22 个核苷酸，具有转录后调节基因表达的能力。 miRNA 表现出不同的类型和功能，其作用机制包括细胞分化、增殖、凋亡和信号通路的调节。病毒及其宿主都可以编码 miRNA，而 miRNA 在病毒与宿主细胞之间的复杂相互作用中充当关键的效应分子。宿主miRNA既可以直接与病毒基因组相互作用抑制病毒复制，也可以通过提供必要的物质来促进病毒复制。病毒miRNA可以直接与宿主mRNA结合，从而影响翻译效率，抑制免疫反应，最终增强病毒复制。本文全面综述了 miRNA 在病毒与宿主相互作用中的作用，旨在为病毒致病机制和潜在的治疗方法提供有价值的见解。