Platelets are among the most abundant cells within the circulation. Given that the platelet lifespan is 7 to 10 days in humans, a constant production of around 100 billion platelets per day is required. Platelet production from precursor cells called megakaryocytes is one of the most enigmatic processes in human biology. Although it has been studied for over a century, there is still controversy about the exact mechanisms leading to platelet release into circulation. The formation of proplatelet extensions from megakaryocytes into bone marrow sinusoids is the best-described mechanism explaining the origin of blood platelets. However, using powerful imaging techniques, several emerging studies have recently raised challenging questions in the field, suggesting that small platelet-sized structures called buds might also contribute to the circulating platelet pool. How and whether these structures differ from microvesicles or membrane blebs, which have previously been described to be released from megakaryocytes, is still a matter of discussion. In this review, we will summarize what the past and present have revealed about platelet production and whether mature blood platelets might emerge via different mechanisms.

中文翻译：

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成为血小板需要什么：血小板生产概念的演变。


血小板是循环系统中最丰富的细胞之一。鉴于人类血小板的寿命为 7 至 10 天，每天需要持续生产约 1000 亿个血小板。由称为巨核细胞的前体细胞产生血小板是人类生物学中最神秘的过程之一。尽管对其进行了一个多世纪的研究，但关于导致血小板释放到循环中的确切机制仍然存在争议。从巨核细胞到骨髓血窦的前血小板延伸的形成是解释血小板起源的最好描述的机制。然而，利用强大的成像技术，一些新兴研究最近在该领域提出了具有挑战性的问题，表明称为芽的小血小板大小的结构也可能有助于循环血小板池。这些结构如何以及是否与先前被描述为从巨核细胞释放的微泡或膜泡不同，仍然是一个讨论的问题。在这篇综述中，我们将总结过去和现在关于血小板生成的揭示以及成熟的血小板是否可能通过不同的机制出现。