Even low levels of lead in children's blood are associated with developmental delays, difficulty learning, and behavioral issues. Adults are also vulnerable to the detrimental health effects of lead exposure. The New York City (NYC) Department of Health and Mental Hygiene receives blood lead test results for NYC residents and conducts investigations of lead poisoning cases. Blood lead testing of a child aged 4 years in 2012 led to the discovery of blood lead levels above the CDC blood lead reference value of 3.5 μg/dL in the child as well as four other family members over a period of 11 years, including the child's mother and three younger siblings born during 2012-2016. The only potential source of lead exposure identified for all cases was the use of surma, a traditional eye cosmetic, which was found to contain 390,000 ppm lead. The cases in this report highlight the challenges of risk communication when deeply ingrained cultural practices, such as the use of surma, persist despite health warnings. Moreover, they highlight the intergenerational nature of such practices and the need for comprehensive family follow-up once a member is identified as being at risk. These products continue to be available globally, even in places such as the United States where sales are prohibited. Multistakeholder efforts involving local and global engagement could promote reformulation of these products at the countries of origin to eliminate lead as an ingredient.

中文翻译：

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一名母亲和她的四个孩子使用传统眼部化妆品导致铅中毒 - 纽约市，2012-2023 年。


即使儿童血液中的铅含量低，也与发育迟缓、学习困难和行为问题有关。成年人也容易受到铅暴露对健康的有害影响。纽约市 （NYC） 健康和心理卫生部 （Department of Health and Mental Health） 接收纽约市居民的血铅检测结果，并对铅中毒病例进行调查。2012 年对一名 4 岁儿童进行血铅检测后，发现该儿童以及其他四名家庭成员在 11 年内的血铅水平高于 CDC 血铅参考值 3.5 μg/dL，包括该儿童的母亲和 2012-2016 年出生的三个弟弟妹妹。在所有病例中确定的唯一潜在铅暴露来源是使用 surma，这是一种传统的眼部化妆品，被发现含有 390,000 ppm 的铅。本报告中的案例凸显了当根深蒂固的文化习俗（例如使用 surma）不顾健康警告而持续存在时，风险沟通面临的挑战。此外，它们强调了这种做法的代际性质，以及一旦确定成员处于风险中，就需要进行全面的家庭随访。这些产品将继续在全球范围内销售，即使在美国等禁止销售的地方也是如此。涉及当地和全球参与的多方利益相关者努力可以促进这些产品在原产国的重新配方，以消除铅作为一种成分。