OBJECTIVE Associations were examined between six psychiatric diagnoses in parents and a broad range of psychiatric and nonpsychiatric outcomes in their offspring. METHODS All individuals born in Sweden between 1970 and 2000 were linked to their biological parents (N=3,286,293) through Swedish national registers. A matched cohort design, with stratified Cox regression and conditional logistic regression analyses, was used examine associations between six psychiatric diagnoses in the parents and 32 outcomes in their offspring. All children, including those exposed and those not exposed to parents with psychiatric diagnoses, were followed from their date of birth to the date of emigration from Sweden, death, or December 31, 2013, when the offspring were 14-44 years old. RESULTS In terms of absolute risk, most children who had parents with psychiatric diagnoses were not diagnosed in specialist care themselves, and the proportion of offspring having any of the 16 types of psychiatric conditions ranged from 22.17% (of offspring exposed to parental depression) to 25.05% (of offspring exposed to parental drug-related disorder) at the end of follow-up. Nevertheless, in terms of relative risk, exposure to any of the six parental psychiatric diagnoses increased probabilities of the 32 outcomes among the offspring, with hazard ratios that ranged from 1.03 to 8.46 for time-to-event outcomes and odds ratios that ranged from 1.29 to 3.36 for binary outcomes. Some specificities were observed for parental diagnoses of psychosis and substance-related disorders, which more strongly predicted psychotic-like and externalizing-related outcomes, respectively, in the offspring. CONCLUSIONS The intergenerational transmission of parental psychiatric conditions appeared largely transdiagnostic and extended to nonpsychiatric outcomes in offspring. Given the broad spectrum of associations with the outcomes, service providers (e.g., psychiatrists, teachers, and social workers) should consider clients' broader psychiatric family history when predicting prognosis and planning interventions or treatment.

中文翻译：

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父母的精神病诊断及其后代的精神病、行为和心理社会结果：一项基于瑞典人口的登记研究。


目的 研究父母的六种精神病诊断与其后代的广泛精神病和非精神病结果之间的关联。方法 1970 年至 2000 年间出生在瑞典的所有个人都通过瑞典国家登记册与其亲生父母 (N=3,286,293) 建立联系。采用分层 Cox 回归和条件逻辑回归分析的匹配队列设计来检查父母的 6 种精神病诊断与其后代的 32 种结果之间的关联。所有儿童，包括那些暴露于和未暴露于患有精神病诊断的父母的儿童，都从出生日期到从瑞典移民、死亡或2013年12月31日（当时后代14-44岁）进行追踪。结果 就绝对风险而言，大多数父母患有精神疾病的儿童本身并未在专科护理中得到诊断，并且后代患有 16 种精神疾病中任何一种的比例范围为 22.17%（暴露于父母抑郁症的后代）到随访结束时为 25.05%（暴露于父母药物相关疾病的后代）。然而，就相对风险而言，暴露于六种父母精神病诊断中的任何一种都会增加后代中 32 种结果的概率，事件发生时间结果的风险比范围为 1.03 至 8.46，比值比范围为 1.29对于二元结果，为 3.36。父母对精神病和物质相关疾病的诊断观察到了一些特异性，它们分别更有力地预测了后代的精神病样和外化相关的结果。 结论 父母精神疾病的代际传播在很大程度上似乎是跨诊断的，并延伸到后代的非精神疾病结果。鉴于与结果的广泛关联，服务提供者（例如精神科医生、教师和社会工作者）在预测预后和规划干预或治疗时应考虑客户更广泛的精神科家族史。