Positive associations between levels of socioeconomic inequality and homicide rates have been reported at various geographical levels (e.g., between countries, states, cities, and neighborhoods within a city). However, the extent to which inequality predicts levels of non-lethal violence has been less frequently studied. The present study was conducted to investigate the association between socioeconomic inequality and levels of non-lethal interpersonal violence across neighborhoods of London during the period 2010 to 2012, using two independent data sources: Metropolitan Police service recorded violent crime and London Ambulance Service recorded assaults. Mean income per person and local life expectancy were included as additional predictors. Following exclusions due to census boundary changes, across 533 London wards, there were positive bivariate associations between both violence measures and a measure of inequality between neighborhoods (census lower layer super output areas [LSOAs]) within a ward. Moreover, there were negative bivariate associations between violence rates and both ward mean income and life expectancy measures for males and females. However, in a regression analysis only inequality and male life expectancy were consistent predictors of rates of interpersonal violence across outcome measures. The results of the present study provide further evidence of an association between levels of economic inequality and rates of interpersonal violence. The findings, for variation in rates of non-lethal violence across small geographical areas (neighborhoods), build on previous research that has mostly focused on rates of lethal violence and has tended to use aggregate measures across larger geographical areas.

中文翻译：

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伦敦社区的经济不平等、预期寿命和人际暴力


据报道，社会经济不平等程度与凶杀率之间存在正相关关系，在不同的地理层面（例如，国家、州、城市和城市内的社区之间）。然而，不平等在多大程度上预测非致命暴力水平的研究较少。本研究旨在调查 2010 年至 2012 年期间伦敦各社区的社会经济不平等与非致命人际暴力水平之间的关联，使用两个独立的数据源：大都会警察局记录的暴力犯罪和伦敦救护车服务记录的袭击事件。人均平均收入和当地预期寿命被列为额外的预测因素。由于人口普查边界变化而被排除在外，在 533 个伦敦选区中，暴力指标与选区内社区之间的不平等指标（人口普查下层超级输出区 [LSOA]）之间存在正二变量关联。此外，暴力率与病区男性和女性的平均收入和预期寿命指标之间存在负二元关联。然而，在回归分析中，只有不平等和男性预期寿命是跨结果衡量的人际暴力率的一致预测因素。本研究的结果进一步证明经济不平等程度与人际暴力发生率之间存在关联。关于小地理区域（社区）非致命暴力发生率差异的研究结果建立在之前的研究基础上，这些研究主要关注致命暴力发生率，并倾向于在较大地理区域使用总体措施。