School violence, in particular bullying by peers, has become a problem on the public agenda. In the context of bullying, children exposed report high levels of shame and guilt which increase victimization since involves a humiliating experience associated with the lack of acceptance by the peer group and can negatively affect mental health. Both emotions have been previously studied in peer violence context. Now we aim to examine resilience as a potential factor to alleviate shame and guilt in school bullying. We conducted a study to test if resilience mediates the feeling of shame and guilt effect of being exposed to bullying; that is, if resilience entails protective behaviors that favour the dissipation of the risk of feeling shame and guilt when exposed to direct violence in school. First, we adapted to Mexican Spanish the research instrument Short Version of the State Shame and Guilt Scale (SSGS-8, Cavalera et al., 2017)—; then we conducted a quantitative, explanatory, cross-sectional approach study; both were carried out in two different non-urban high schools near the city of Monterrey, Mexico, randomizing groups. We found through a moderated mediation analysis that resilience is a key piece to transform shame and practically alleviate negative school violence consequences the indirect effect of resilience on the relationship between direct violence in school and shame was moderated by gender, better for boys than for girls. As its presence restrain shame in those who have been exposed to direct violence in school, it is important to strengthen resilience in adolescents. Promoting the development of shame resilience in adolescents is crucial to prevent them from questioning whether something is wrong with them when exposed to violence. We must continue making efforts to eradicate violence in schools through prevention programs and public policies.

中文翻译：

---

韧性因素：检查其减轻校园欺凌中的羞耻和内疚的潜力


校园暴力，特别是同龄人欺凌，已成为公共议程上的一个问题。在欺凌的背景下，遭受欺凌的儿童会表现出高度的羞耻感和内疚感，这会增加受害程度，因为涉及到与同伴群体缺乏接受相关的羞辱经历，并对心理健康产生负面影响。这两种情绪之前都在同伴暴力背景下进行过研究。现在，我们的目标是将韧性作为减轻校园欺凌中的羞耻和内疚的潜在因素。我们进行了一项研究，以测试复原力是否可以调节遭受欺凌的羞耻感和内疚感；也就是说，复原力是否需要保护性行为，有利于消除在学校遭受直接暴力时感到羞耻和内疚的风险。首先，我们将研究工具《国家羞耻和内疚量表短版》（SSGS-8，Cavalera et al., 2017）改编为墨西哥西班牙语——；然后我们进行了定量、解释性、横断面方法研究；两项研究均在墨西哥蒙特雷市附近的两所不同的非城市高中进行，随机分组。我们通过有调节的中介分析发现，复原力是转变羞耻感并切实减轻学校暴力负面后果的关键部分，复原力对学校直接暴力与羞耻之间关系的间接影响受到性别的调节，对男孩的影响比对女孩的影响更好。由于它的存在可以抑制那些在学校直接遭受暴力的人的羞耻感，因此增强青少年的复原力非常重要。促进青少年羞耻心理的发展对于防止他们在遭受暴力时质疑自己是否出了问题至关重要。 我们必须继续努力通过预防计划和公共政策消除校园暴力。