Recruitment materials for concurrent mixed-mode self-administered web and mail surveys must communicate information about multiple modes simultaneously. Providing the link to the web survey on the cover of the paper questionnaire or including a QR code to access the web survey may increase the visibility of the web mode and thus increase the proportion of people who participate via the web, but whether including either piece of information does so has received surprisingly little empirical attention. In this paper, we examine the results of experiments embedded in two general population probability-based concurrent mixed-mode surveys of Nebraska adults. First, in the Labor Availability Survey of the Greater Omaha Area, respondents were randomly assigned to receive the web link and login information on the cover or the paper questionnaire without this information (all had web information in the cover letter). We then replicated and extended this experiment in the Labor Availability Survey of Northeast Nebraska. The questionnaire cover experiment was fully crossed with the presence or absence of a QR code to access the web survey. Neither of these design features affected response rates or speed of response, but the link on the questionnaire significantly increased the proportion of respondents who participated by web and the QR code significantly increased the proportion of respondents who participated by smartphone. Sample composition was largely unaffected on most characteristics, although the respondent pool was less similar to the population on education when the link was on the questionnaire. About 20% of respondents used a smartphone when typing in a survey link, but virtually all respondents used a smartphone when scanning the QR code. Survey researchers can include a link on the cover of the questionnaire to increase web participation rates in mixed-mode surveys. QR codes can be used when smartphone participation is desired.

中文翻译：

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请记住，您可以在线完成此调查！混合模式网络和邮件一般人口调查中的网络调查链接和 QR 代码


并行混合模式自管理网络和邮件调查的招聘材料必须同时传达有关多种模式的信息。在纸质调查问卷的封面上提供网络调查的链接或包含访问网络调查的二维码可能会增加网络模式的可见性，从而增加通过网络参与的人数比例，但无论是否包含其中任何一项令人惊讶的是，这样做的信息很少受到实证关注。在本文中，我们研究了内布拉斯加州成年人两项基于一般人口概率的并发混合模式调查中嵌入的实验结果。首先，在大奥马哈地区的劳动力可用性调查中，受访者被随机分配接受封面上的网页链接和登录信息或没有此信息的纸质调查问卷（所有封面信中都有网页信息）。然后，我们在内布拉斯加州东北部的劳动力可用性调查中复制并扩展了这一实验。问卷覆盖实验与是否存在二维码完全交叉以访问网络调查。这些设计特征都不会影响回复率或回复速度，但问卷上的链接显着增加了通过网络参与的受访者比例，而二维码则显着增加了通过智能手机参与的受访者比例。尽管当链接出现在问卷中时，受访者群体与受教育人群的相似度较低，但样本构成在大多数特征上基本上不受影响。大约 20% 的受访者在输入调查链接时使用智能手机，但几乎所有受访者在扫描二维码时都使用智能手机。 调查研究人员可以在调查问卷的封面上添加一个链接，以提高混合模式调查中的网络参与率。当需要智能手机参与时，可以使用二维码。