The role of attitudes toward women and sexual violence in predicting men’s perpetration of rape has been well documented in the literature. While research on rape perpetration has primarily focused on identifying risk factors, the limited understanding of protective factors has hindered the development of psychometric measures to assess attitudinal protective factors. However, comprehending these protective factors is essential for a comprehensive understanding of the risk of rape perpetration and the advancement of strength-based approaches. This research describes the development of a new scale designed to measure anti-rape attitudes (ARA) in young heterosexual men. To generate the initial item pool, relevant information was gathered from sexual violence support service websites and academic literature. This item pool underwent an external expert review for further item generation and cognitive interviews for content validation. This qualitative phase was followed by four quantitative studies for item reduction and scale validation. The resulting 19-item scale demonstrates good internal consistency (Cronbach’s α = .84). The ARA scale exhibits strong negative correlations with rape myth acceptance (RMA) and hostile sexism, and strong positive correlations with positive consent attitudes (PCA), supporting the scale’s construct validity. We further conducted hierarchical regression analyses to test the unique relationship of ARA with those constructs while controlling for RMA. These showed that ARA have significant, unique associations with PCA and ambivalent sexism. The development of this new scale enables a more comprehensive assessment of the risk of rape perpetration and opens up new avenues for research on protective factors against rape. Ultimately, this study constitutes an important step toward fostering strength-based approaches to combat sexual violence.

中文翻译：

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制定反强奸态度措施作为防止强奸犯罪的潜在保护因素


对妇女和性暴力的态度在预测男性实施强奸行为方面的作用已在文献中得到充分记录。虽然对强奸犯罪的研究主要集中在识别风险因素，但对保护因素的有限了解阻碍了评估态度保护因素的心理测量措施的发展。然而，了解这些保护因素对于全面了解强奸风险和推进基于力量的方法至关重要。这项研究描述了一种新量表的开发，该量表旨在衡量年轻异性恋男性的反强奸态度（ARA）。为了生成初始项目库，从性暴力支持服务网站和学术文献中收集了相关信息。该项目池经过了外部专家审查，以进一步生成项目，并进行认知访谈以验证内容。该定性阶段之后是四项用于项目减少和规模验证的定量研究。由此产生的 19 项量表表现出良好的内部一致性（Cronbach's α = .84）。 ARA 量表与强奸神话接受度 (RMA) 和敌对性别歧视表现出强烈的负相关，与积极同意态度 (PCA) 表现出强烈的正相关，支持了该量表的构建效度。我们进一步进行了层次回归分析，以测试 ARA 与这些结构的独特关系，同时控制 RMA。这些表明 ARA 与 PCA 和矛盾的性别歧视具有显着且独特的关联。这一新量表的开发能够更全面地评估强奸犯罪的风险，并为针对强奸的保护因素的研究开辟了新的途径。 最终，这项研究是朝着培育基于力量的方法打击性暴力迈出的重要一步。