Previous studies have shown that aerosols invigorate deep convective systems (DCS). However, the magnitude or even the existence of aerosol invigoration of DCS remains controversial. Here, we aimed to observationally quantify the full aerosol effects on DCS by tracking their entire lifecycle and spatial extent in tropical regions. We found that fine aerosols (FA) can invigorate DCS, making them taller and longer lived, and resulting in up to ×5 increase in total area and rainfall amount. In contrast, added coarse sea salt aerosols (CSA) over the ocean can inhibit the vertical development of DCS through enhancing warm rain formation, yet resulting in longer lived and extensive DCSs. Notably, combining FA and CSA generates the strongest aerosol invigoration effect at the concentrations of ~5 and ~80 μg/m³, leading up to ×10 increase in rainfall amount. Our results indicate that aerosols significantly redistribute convective precipitation and climate effects, greatly underestimated in previous studies.

先前的研究表明，气溶胶可以激活深对流系统（DCS）。然而，DCS 气雾刺激的程度甚至是否存在仍存在争议。在这里，我们的目标是通过跟踪热带地区气溶胶的整个生命周期和空间范围来观察量化气溶胶对 DCS 的全部影响。我们发现细气溶胶 (FA) 可以激活 DCS，使它们更高、寿命更长，并导致总面积和降雨量增加多达 5 倍。相比之下，海洋上空增加的粗海盐气溶胶 (CSA) 可以通过促进暖雨形成来抑制 DCS 的垂直发展，但会导致 DCS 寿命更长、范围更广。值得注意的是，FA 和 CSA 的结合在浓度为 ~5 和 ~80 μg/m3 时产生最强的气溶胶增强效果，导致降雨量增加 10 倍。我们的结果表明，气溶胶显着地重新分配对流降水和气候影响，这在以前的研究中被大大低估了。