The importance of the brain–heart interaction has been increasingly recognized as a critical physiological axis that is altered in disease. In this review, we explore the intricate relationship between the central nervous system and cardiovascular health, focusing particularly on immunological mechanisms that influence the course of both neurological and cardiovascular diseases. While previous studies have established a key role of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) in linking brain and the heart, more recent studies have expanded our understanding of the multifaceted inter-organ interactions. As such, circulating mediators include immune cells of the adaptive and innate immune system and their secreted immunogenic factors have come into the focus as mediators along this bidirectional communication. Hence, in this review we briefly discuss the contribution of the ANS and then focus on innate and adaptive immune mechanisms along the heart-to-brain and brain-to-heart axes, illustrating how cardiovascular diseases affect cognitive functions and how brain pathologies lead to cardiac complications.

中文翻译：

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心脑轴在健康和疾病中的作用：先天免疫和适应性免疫的作用


脑-心相互作用的重要性已越来越被认为是在疾病中改变的关键生理轴。在这篇综述中，我们探讨了中枢神经系统与心血管健康之间的复杂关系，特别关注影响神经和心血管疾病病程的免疫机制。虽然以前的研究已经确定了自主神经系统 （ANS） 在连接大脑和心脏方面的关键作用，但最近的研究扩大了我们对多方面器官间相互作用的理解。因此，循环介质包括适应性和先天免疫系统的免疫细胞，它们分泌的免疫原性因子已成为这种双向通信的介质。因此，在这篇综述中，我们简要讨论了 ANS 的贡献，然后重点介绍了沿心对脑和脑对心轴的先天性和适应性免疫机制，说明了心血管疾病如何影响认知功能以及脑病理如何导致心脏并发症。