Due to its peculiar structure and function, the cardiovascular system is particularly vulnerable to the detrimental effects of ageing. Current knowledge about the molecular mechanisms of ageing revealed the processes actively promoting ageing, e.g. progressive telomere shortening, and the mechanisms opposing it, e.g. endogenous production of antioxidant substances. This knowledge can be used to measure biological age at cellular and molecular levels and to interfere with it by pharmacological or non-pharmacological interventions. Biological ageing is determined by the simultaneous occurrence of independent hallmarks, which encompass a wide range of biological processes, from genomic changes to systemic inflammation and dysbiosis. This narrative review will summarize the role of ageing hallmarks in the cardiovascular system, how they can be measured, and what are the possible interventions to counteract their effects.

中文翻译：

---

心血管衰老的轨迹——从分子机制到临床实施


由于其特殊的结构和功能，心血管系统特别容易受到衰老的不利影响。目前关于衰老分子机制的知识揭示了积极促进衰老的过程，例如逐渐性端粒缩短，以及反对衰老的机制，例如抗氧化物质的内源性产生。这些知识可用于在细胞和分子水平上测量生物年龄，并通过药物或非药物干预来干扰它。生物衰老是由独立标志的同时发生决定的，这些标志包括广泛的生物过程，从基因组变化到全身炎症和生态失调。本叙述性综述将总结衰老标志在心血管系统中的作用，如何测量它们，以及有哪些可能的干预措施来抵消其影响。