Background Viral respiratory illnesses are the most common acute illnesses experienced and generally follow a predicted pattern over time. The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic interrupted that pattern. Methods The HIVE (Household Influenza Vaccine Evaluation) study was established in 2010 to follow a cohort of Southeast Michigan households over time. Initially focused on influenza, surveillance was expanded to include other major respiratory pathogens, and, starting in 2015, the population was followed year round. Symptoms of acute illness were reported, and respiratory specimens were collected and tested to identify viral infections. Based on the known population being followed, virus-specific incidence was calculated. Results From 2015 to 2022, 1755 participants were followed in HIVE for 7785 person-years with 7833 illnesses documented. Before the pandemic, rhinovirus (RV) and common cold human coronaviruses (HCoVs) were the viruses most frequently identified, and incidence decreased with increasing age. Type A influenza was next but with comparable incidence by age. Parainfluenza and respiratory syncytial viruses were less frequent overall, followed by human metapneumoviruses. Incidence was highest in young children, but infections were frequently documented in all age groups. Seasonality followed patterns established decades ago. The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic disrupted these patterns, except for RV and, to a lesser extent, HCoVs. In the first 2 years of the pandemic, RV incidence far exceeded that of SARS-CoV-2. Conclusions Longitudinal cohort studies are important in comparing the incidence, seasonality, and characteristics of different respiratory viral infections. Studies documented the differential effect of the pandemic on the incidence of respiratory viruses in addition to SARS-CoV-2.

中文翻译：

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2015 年至 2022 年美国家庭 HIVE 队列的呼吸道病毒感染：发病率、疾病特征和季节性


背景 病毒性呼吸系统疾病是最常见的急性疾病，通常随着时间的推移遵循预测的模式。严重急性呼吸系统综合症冠状病毒 2 （SARS-CoV-2） 大流行打断了这种模式。方法 HIVE（家庭流感疫苗评估）研究成立于 2010 年，旨在随着时间的推移跟踪密歇根州东南部的一组家庭。最初侧重于流感，监测范围扩大到包括其他主要呼吸道病原体，并且从 2015 年开始，全年对人群进行随访。报告了急性疾病的症状，并收集了呼吸道标本并进行了检测以确定病毒感染。根据被跟踪的已知人群，计算病毒特异性发病率。结果 从 2015 年到 2022 年，对 1755 名参与者进行了 7785 人年的 HIVE 随访，记录了 7833 例疾病。在大流行之前，鼻病毒 （RV） 和普通感冒人类冠状病毒 （HCoV） 是最常被发现的病毒，发病率随着年龄的增长而下降。其次是 A 型流感，但按年龄划分的发病率相当。副流感病毒和呼吸道合胞病毒总体上较少见，其次是人偏肺病毒。幼儿的发病率最高，但所有年龄组都经常记录到感染。季节性遵循几十年前建立的模式。SARS-CoV-2 大流行破坏了这些模式，但 RV 除外，在较小程度上破坏了 HCoV。在大流行的前 2 年，RV 发病率远高于 SARS-CoV-2。结论 纵向队列研究在比较不同呼吸道病毒感染的发病率、季节性和特征方面具有重要意义。 研究记录了除 SARS-CoV-2 之外，大流行对呼吸道病毒发病率的不同影响。