Increasing concern has been raised on the addictive potential of digital games and socialmedia platforms, especially in adolescent users. Hence, investigating the etiology of problematic gaming (PG) and problematic social-media use (PSMU) is of great scientific and clinical interest. Parental factors have not been sufficiently addressed yet. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the predictive values of parental demographic, psychological, parenting, and role model factors for adolescent PG/PSMU. In a representative parent-child (10–17 years) sample parental factors and adolescent PG/PSMU were assessed cross-sectionally (N = 1221) and longitudinally (N = 659) using online-questionnaires at two measurement points 14 months apart. Parental factors included parental media-use patterns, sociodemographic aspects, (digital) emotion regulation, stress perception, (digital) parental self-efficacy, and media rules. Best subset linear regression models were estimated to identify parental factors with greatest predictive values. These were included in prospective linear regression analyses. At the cross-sectional level, 18% of model variance predicting PG and 24% predicting PSMU could be explained by parental media-use patterns, media rules, and (digital) parental self-efficacy after controlling for adolescent age. Longitudinally, 33% of variance in the PG model and 34% of variance of the PSMU model could be explained by parental media-use patterns and parental self-efficacy after controlling for adolescent age and baseline PG/PSMU. This study is the first to differentially investigate parental factors in the context of adolescent PG/PSMU in a prospective representative parent-child study. Aspects of digital parental role modeling and parenting could be identified as promising anchors for prevention and treatment.

中文翻译：

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调查青少年问题游戏和社交媒体使用的父母因素——横断面和纵向方法


人们越来越关注数字游戏和社交媒体平台的成瘾潜力，尤其是对青少年用户。因此，研究有问题的游戏（PG）和有问题的社交媒体使用（PSMU）的病因具有重大的科学和临床意义。父母因素尚未得到充分解决。因此，本研究旨在探讨父母人口统计、心理、养育和角色模型因素对青少年 PG/PSMU 的预测价值。在具有代表性的亲子（10-17 岁）样本中，使用在线问卷在相隔 14 个月的两个测量点对父母因素和青少年 PG/PSMU 进行横断面（N = 1221）和纵向（N = 659）评估。父母因素包括父母的媒体使用模式、社会人口统计学方面、（数字）情绪调节、压力感知、（数字）父母自我效能和媒体规则。估计最佳子集线性回归模型以确定具有最大预测值的父母因素。这些都包含在前瞻性线性回归分析中。在横截面水平上，在控制青少年年龄后，预测 PG 的模型方差 18% 和预测 PSMU 的模型方差 24% 可以通过父母媒体使用模式、媒体规则和（数字）父母自我效能来解释。纵向来看，在控制青少年年龄和基线 PG/PSMU 后，PG 模型中 33% 的方差和 PSMU 模型中 34% 的方差可以通过父母媒体使用模式和父母自我效能来解释。本研究首次在前瞻性代表性亲子研究中对青少年 PG/PSMU 背景下的父母因素进行差异化研究。 数字父母角色建模和育儿方面可以被认为是预防和治疗的有希望的锚点。