Partisan animosity has been growing in the United States and around the world over the past few decades, fueling efforts by researchers and practitioners to help heal the divide. Many studies have been conducted to test interventions that aim to promote open-mindedness; however, these studies have been conducted in disparate literatures that do not always use the same terminology. In this review, we integrate research on open-mindedness in order to facilitate cross-talk and collaboration between disciplines. We review various concepts related to open-mindedness and then offer a conceptual model to help guide the further development of interventions and research to understand open-mindedness. We propose that open-mindedness is multifaceted and dynamic, such that interventions should focus on targeting multiple psychological pathways in order to maximize and sustain their effects. Specifically, we propose that interventions that target cognitive and/or motivational pathways can induce open-mindedness initially. Then, training in emotion regulation and/or social skills can help to sustain and build on open-mindedness once individuals enter into a situation where their beliefs are challenged. We conclude with a discussion of potential future directions for research on open-mindedness interventions. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

中文翻译：

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开放思想：干预措施的综合审查。


过去几十年来，美国和世界各地的党派敌意不断加剧，促使研究人员和从业人员努力弥合分歧。已经进行了许多研究来测试旨在促进开放思想的干预措施；然而，这些研究是在不同的文献中进行的，并不总是使用相同的术语。在这篇综述中，我们整合了开放思想的研究，以促进学科之间的交流和合作。我们回顾了与开放思想相关的各种概念，然后提供一个概念模型来帮助指导干预措施和研究的进一步发展，以理解开放思想。我们认为开放思想是多方面的、动态的，因此干预措施应侧重于针对多种心理途径，以最大限度地发挥和维持其效果。具体来说，我们建议针对认知和/或动机途径的干预措施最初可以诱导开放心态。然后，一旦个人的信念受到挑战，情绪调节和/或社交技能方面的培训可以帮助维持和建立开放的心态。最后，我们讨论了开放思想干预研究的潜在未来方向。 （PsycInfo 数据库记录 (c) 2024 APA，保留所有权利）。