Glyphosate, a prevalent herbicide, has raised concerns due to its potential ecological impact, especially on aquatic ecosystems. While it is crucial for managing agricultural productivity, its inadvertent effects on non-target aquatic species like the red swamp crayfish, , are not fully understood. In the present study, the neurotoxicity, oxidative stress, and immune suppression of glyphosate on were investigated. Sublethal glyphosate exposure (5, 10 and 20 mg/L) for 96 h was found to significantly decrease AChE activity in both brain and hepatopancreas, correlating with reduced foraging efficiency and increased turnover time. Oxidative stress was evident through increased lipid peroxidation (LPO) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and altered antioxidant enzyme activities such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx). In addition, the total antioxidative capacity (T-AOC) was inhibited at 10 and 20 mg/L of glyphosate exposure. Immune assays revealed a decrease in total hemocyte counts (THC) and suppression of key immune enzyme activities and transcriptional expressions at higher concentrations, suggesting compromised immune defenses. The findings demonstrate that glyphosate can induce considerable neurotoxic and immunotoxic effects in , disrupting essential physiological functions and behavior.

中文翻译：

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草甘膦对克氏原螯虾神经毒性、氧化应激和免疫抑制的影响


草甘膦是一种流行的除草剂，因其潜在的生态影响，特别是对水生生态系统的影响而引起人们的关注。虽然它对于管理农业生产力至关重要，但它对红沼泽小龙虾等非目标水生物种的无意影响尚未完全了解。在本研究中，研究了草甘膦的神经毒性、氧化应激和免疫抑制作用。研究发现，亚致死草甘膦暴露（5、10 和 20 mg/L）持续 96 小时会显着降低大脑和肝胰腺中的 AChE 活性，与觅食效率降低和周转时间增加相关。氧化应激通过脂质过氧化 (LPO) 和丙二醛 (MDA) 水平的增加以及超氧化物歧化酶 (SOD)、过氧化氢酶 (CAT) 和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶 (GPx) 等抗氧化酶活性的改变而表现出来。此外，总抗氧化能力（T-AOC）在 10 和 20 mg/L 的草甘膦暴露下受到抑制。免疫测定显示，较高浓度下总血细胞计数 (THC) 减少，关键免疫酶活性和转录表达受到抑制，表明免疫防御受损。研究结果表明，草甘膦可引起相当大的神经毒性和免疫毒性作用，破坏基本的生理功能和行为。