To investigate whether environmental concentrations of fragmented polyethylene terephthalate (PET) microplastics (MPs) have additional or combined effects on endocrine-disrupting activity, Java medaka () were exposed to 17β-estradiol (E2; 5, 10, 50, and 100 ng L), bisphenol A (BPA; 5, 10, 50, and 100 µg ), and E2 and BPA combined with PET MPs (1 and 100 particles ) for 200 days. The growth parameters, such as body length and weight, were significantly decreased by the highest concentrations of E2 and BPA. A significant reduction in egg production was observed in female fish exposed to BPA, with an additive toxic effect of PET MPs. A female-biased sex ratio was observed in fish exposed to both chemicals. Exposure to E2 significantly increased the hepatosomatic index (HSI) in both sexes, while no significant effect was observed in the gonadosomatic index (GSI). Exposure to BPA significantly increased the HSI in female fish and decreased the GSI in both sexes of fish. An additive effect of PET MPs was observed on the GSI value of female exposed to BPA. Significant elevations in vitellogenin (VTG) levels were observed in both sexes due to exposure to E2 and BPA. Additive effects of PET MPs were observed on VTG levels in males exposed to E2 and BPA. Taken together, even long-term treatment with PET MPs induced only a negligible additive effect on the endocrine-disrupting activity in Java medaka at environmentally relevant concentrations.

中文翻译：

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环境浓度的聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯微塑料碎片对暴露于 17β-雌二醇和双酚 A 的爪哇青鳉的生长和繁殖性能的累加效应可以忽略不计


为了研究环境浓度的聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯 (PET) 微塑料 (MP) 碎片是否对内分泌干扰活性具有额外或综合影响，将爪哇青鳉 () 暴露于 17β-雌二醇（E2；5、10、50 和 100 ng·L） ）、双酚 A（BPA；5、10、50 和 100 µg）以及 E2 和 BPA 与 PET MP（1 和 100 颗粒）结合使用 200 天。最高浓度的 E2 和 BPA 显着降低了生长参数，例如体长和体重。在接触 BPA 的雌鱼中观察到产蛋量显着下降，并且 PET MP 具有附加毒性作用。在暴露于这两种化学物质的鱼类中观察到性别比例偏向雌性。暴露于 E2 显着增加了两性的肝体指数 (HSI)，但对性腺体指数 (GSI) 没有观察到显着影响。接触 BPA 会显着增加雌鱼的 HSI，并降低两性鱼的 GSI。观察到 PET MP 对接触 BPA 的女性的 GSI 值有累加效应。由于暴露于 E2 和 BPA，两性的卵黄蛋白原 (VTG) 水平均显着升高。在暴露于 E2 和 BPA 的男性中，观察到 PET MP 对 VTG 水平的累加效应。总而言之，即使长期使用 PET MP 进行治疗，在环境相关浓度下，对爪哇青鳉的内分泌干扰活性也仅产生可忽略不计的累加效应。