BACKGROUND The microbiota-derived short chain fatty acid butyrate has been shown to lower blood pressure (BP) in rodent studies. Nonetheless, the net effect of butyrate on hypertension in humans remains uncovered. In this study, for the first time, we aimed to determine the effect of oral butyrate on BP in patients with hypertension. METHODS We performed a double-blind randomized placebo-controlled trial including 23 patients with hypertension. Antihypertensive medication was discontinued for the duration of the study with a washout period of 4 weeks before starting the intervention. Participants received daily oral capsules containing either sodium butyrate or placebo with an equivalent dosage of sodium chloride for 4 weeks. The primary outcome was daytime 24-hour systolic BP. Differences between groups over time were assessed using linear mixed models (group-by-time interaction). RESULTS Study participants (59.0±3.7 years; 56.5% female) had an average baseline office systolic BP of 143.5±14.6 mm Hg and diastolic BP of 93.0±8.3 mm Hg. Daytime 24-hour systolic and diastolic BP significantly increased over the intervention period in the butyrate compared with the placebo group, with an increase of +9.63 (95% CI, 2.02-17.20) mm Hg in daytime 24-hour systolic BP and +5.08 (95% CI, 1.34-8.78) mm Hg in diastolic BP over 4 weeks. Butyrate levels significantly increased in plasma, but not in feces, upon butyrate intake, underscoring its absorption. CONCLUSIONS Four-week treatment with oral butyrate increased daytime systolic and diastolic BP in subjects with hypertension. Our findings implicate that butyrate does not have beneficial effects on human hypertension, which warrants caution in future butyrate intervention studies. REGISTRATION URL: https://onderzoekmetmensen.nl/; Unique identifier: NL8924.

中文翻译：

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口服丁酸盐对高血压患者血压的影响：一项随机、安慰剂对照试验。


背景 在啮齿动物研究中，微生物群衍生的短链脂肪酸丁酸酯已被证明可以降低血压 (BP)。尽管如此，丁酸盐对人类高血压的净影响仍不清楚。在这项研究中，我们首次旨在确定口服丁酸盐对高血压患者血压的影响。方法 我们进行了一项双盲随机安慰剂对照试验，纳入 23 名高血压患者。在研究期间停用抗高血压药物，并在开始干预前有 4 周的清除期。参与者每天服用含有丁酸钠或安慰剂和等量氯化钠的口服胶囊，持续 4 周。主要结果是白天 24 小时收缩压。使用线性混合模型（按时间分组交互）评估组间随时间的差异。结果 研究参与者（59.0±3.7 岁；56.5% 女性）的平均基线诊室收缩压为 143.5±14.6 mm Hg，舒张压为 93.0±8.3 mm Hg。与安慰剂组相比，丁酸盐干预期间白天 24 小时收缩压和舒张压显着升高，白天 24 小时收缩压升高 +9.63 (95% CI, 2.02-17.20) mm Hg，白天 24 小时收缩压升高 +5.08 (95% CI, 1.34-8.78) mm Hg 4 周内舒张压。摄入丁酸盐后，血浆中的丁酸盐水平显着增加，但粪便中的丁酸盐水平没有显着增加，这强调了丁酸盐的吸收。结论 口服丁酸盐治疗 4 周可增加高血压患者的日间收缩压和舒张压。我们的研究结果表明丁酸盐对人类高血压没有有益作用，这需要在未来的丁酸盐干预研究中保持谨慎。注册网址：https://onderzoekmetmensen。nl/;唯一标识符：NL8924。