Does work-family conflict (WFC) cause psychological strain or vice versa? How long do these effects take to unfold? What is the role of persistent WFC (or strain) levels in these processes? Prior research has left some of these questions open: Our systematic review reveals that WFC-strain studies have primarily used short (e.g., hours) or long (e.g., years) measurement lags, leaving mid-long lags underexplored. Moreover, while many work-family theories imply long-term effects, prior longitudinal research has often relied on cross-lagged panel models that assume effects to be solely within-person, not considering persistent between-person differences. We tested this assumption in five three-wave survey studies (N = 26,133) with varying lags (1 day, 1 week, 1 month, 6 months, 1 year) and found it to fail in all cases. Employing the random-intercept crossed-lagged panel, a new approach in WFC research, our results indicate that the effects between WFC and strain (exhaustion, perceived stress, and affective rumination) depend primarily on longer term WFC (or strain) levels. In contrast, short-term deviations from these levels (within-person effects) play a minor role. These findings suggest that the effects between WFC and strain may be more persistent than previously assumed, opening avenues for further theoretical and empirical development. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

中文翻译：

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工作与家庭冲突和压力：重新审视理论、因果关系的方向和纵向动态。


工作与家庭冲突 （WFC） 是否会导致心理压力，反之亦然？这些效果需要多长时间才能显现出来？持续的 WFC（或应变）水平在这些过程中的作用是什么？先前的研究对其中一些问题悬而未决：我们的系统评价显示，WFC 菌株研究主要使用短（例如，小时）或长（例如，年）测量滞后，而中长滞后则未得到充分探索。此外，虽然许多工作-家庭理论暗示了长期影响，但之前的纵向研究通常依赖于交叉滞后面板模型，这些模型假设影响仅在人与人之间产生，而不考虑人与人之间持续的差异。我们在五项具有不同滞后 （1 天、1 周、1 个月、6 个月、1 年） 的三波调查研究 （N = 26,133） 中测试了这一假设，发现它在所有情况下都失败了。采用随机截距交叉滞后面板，这是 WFC 研究中的一种新方法，我们的结果表明 WFC 与应变（疲惫、感知压力和情感反刍）之间的影响主要取决于长期的 WFC（或应变）水平。相比之下，与这些水平的短期偏差（人体内影响）起着次要作用。这些发现表明，WFC 和应变之间的影响可能比以前假设的更持久，为进一步的理论和实证发展开辟了途径。（PsycInfo 数据库记录 （c） 2024 APA，保留所有权利）。