BACKGROUND Following the removal of lead from gasoline, paint and pipes were thought to be the main sources of lead exposure in the United States. However, consumer products, such as certain spices, ceramic and metal cookware, traditional health remedies, and cultural powders, are increasingly recognized as important sources of lead exposure across the United States. OBJECTIVE This paper reviews data from four US jurisdictions that conduct in-home investigations for children with elevated blood lead levels (BLLs) to examine the prevalence of lead exposures associated with consumer products, in comparison with housing-related sources. METHODS Authors reviewed investigation data (2010-2021) provided by California, Oregon, New York City, and King County, Washington, and compared the extent of lead exposures associated with housing-related vs. consumer products-related sources. DISCUSSION The proportion of investigations identifying consumer products-related sources of lead exposure varied by jurisdiction (range: 15%-38%). A review of US CDC and US FDA alerts and New York City data indicates that these types of lead-containing products are often sourced internationally, with many hand carried into the United States during travel. Based on surveillance data, we believe that US immigrant and refugee communities are at an increased risk for lead exposures associated with these products. To engage health authorities, there is a need for evidentiary data. We recommend implementing a national product surveillance database systematically tracking data on consumer products tested by childhood lead poisoning prevention programs. The data repository should be centralized and accessible to all global stakeholders, including researchers and governmental and nongovernmental agencies, who can use these data to inform investigations. Effectively identifying and addressing the availability of lead-containing consumer products at their source can focus resources on primary prevention, reducing lead exposures for users abroad and in the United States. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP14336.

中文翻译：

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美国四个司法管辖区消费品中的铅含量概况。


背景技术从汽油中去除铅后，油漆和管道被认为是美国铅暴露的主要来源。然而，消费品，如某些香料、陶瓷和金属炊具、传统保健药物和文化粉末，越来越多地被认为是美国铅暴露的重要来源。目的 本文回顾了美国四个司法管辖区对血铅水平 (BLL) 升高的儿童进行家庭调查的数据，以检查与消费品相关的铅暴露率，并与住房相关来源进行比较。方法 作者回顾了加利福尼亚州、俄勒冈州、纽约市和华盛顿州金县提供的调查数据（2010-2021 年），并比较了与住房相关和消费品相关来源相关的铅暴露程度。讨论 确定消费品相关铅暴露来源的调查比例因司法管辖区而异（范围：15%-38%）。对美国疾病控制和预防中心 (CDC) 和美国食品药品监督管理局 (FDA) 警报以及纽约市数据的审查表明，这些类型的含铅产品通常是在国际上采购的，其中许多是在旅行期间手工携带到美国的。根据监测数据，我们认为美国移民和难民社区与这些产品相关的铅暴露风险增加。为了让卫生当局参与进来，需要证据数据。我们建议建立一个国家产品监测数据库，系统跟踪儿童铅中毒预防计划测试的消费品数据。 数据存储库应该集中化，并可供所有全球利益相关者访问，包括研究人员以及政府和非政府机构，他们可以使用这些数据为调查提供信息。从源头有效识别和解决含铅消费品的供应问题，可以将资源集中在初级预防上，减少国外和美国用户的铅暴露。 https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP14336。