Objective The objective of this study is to characterise the key factors that influence positive engagement and desirable developmental outcomes in sport among elite youth athletes by summarising the methods, groups and pertinent topical areas examined in the extant published research. Design Scoping review. Data sources We searched the databases SPORTDiscus, APA PsycINFO, Web of Science and Sports Medicine & Education Index for peer-reviewed, published in English articles that considered the factors influencing positive developmental outcomes for athletes under 18 years competing at a national and/or international level. Results The search returned 549 articles, of which 43 met the inclusion criteria. 16 studies used a qualitative approach, 14 collected quantitative data, 2 adopted mixed methods and 11 were reviews. Seven articles involved athletes competing in absolute skill contexts (ie, against the best athletes of any age) while the majority involved athletes competing in relative skill contexts (ie, against the best in a specific age or developmental group). The studies described the characteristics of the athletes, as well as their training, relationships with others, social and physical environments, and/or their overall developmental pathways. Conclusion Existing research on positive engagement in elite youth sport aligned with and mapped onto established models of positive development in youth sport more generally. Our findings further support that, while certain youth athletes may demonstrate extraordinary performance capabilities, they are still children who benefit from positive engagement prompted and reinforced by developmentally appropriate and supportive activities, relationships and environments. Data are available on reasonable request.

中文翻译：

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他们仍然是孩子：对积极参与青少年精英运动的条件进行范围审查


目的 本研究的目的是通过总结现有已发表研究中的方法、群体和相关主题领域，来描述影响精英青年运动员积极参与体育运动并取得理想发展成果的关键因素。设计范围审查。数据来源 我们检索了数据库 SPORTDiscus、APA PsycINFO、Web of Science 和 Sports Medicine & Education Index，以查找同行评审的、以英文发表的文章，这些文章考虑了影响 18 岁以下运动员参加国家和/或国际比赛的积极发展结果的因素等级。结果 检索返回 549 篇文章，其中 43 篇符合纳入标准。 16 项研究采用定性方法，14 项研究收集定量数据，2 项采用混合方法，11 项进行综述。七篇文章涉及运动员在绝对技能背景下竞争（即与任何年龄段的最佳运动员），而大多数文章涉及运动员在相对技能背景下竞争（即与特定年龄或发育群体中的最佳运动员竞争）。这些研究描述了运动员的特征，以及他们的训练、与他人的关系、社会和物理环境和/或他们的整体发展路径。结论 关于积极参与青少年精英体育的现有研究与更广泛的青少年体育积极发展的既定模型相一致并映射到该模型。我们的研究结果进一步证明，虽然某些青少年运动员可能表现出非凡的表现能力，但他们仍然是孩子，可以从适合发展的支持性活动、关系和环境所促进和强化的积极参与中受益。可根据合理要求提供数据。