Leptospirosis is a zoonotic bacterial disease spread through the urine of infected animals; the typical incubation period is 5-14 days. In approximately 90% of human cases, illness is asymptomatic or mild, characterized by fever, chills, myalgia, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, headache, calf pain, and conjunctival suffusion, but severe illness can progress to multiorgan dysfunction and death. Although Wyoming is considered a low-risk area for leptospirosis because of its cold and semiarid climate, the Wyoming Department of Health was notified of a probable human case in August 2023, the first reported in the state since 1983. The patient had occupational exposure to dogs but did not report other risk factors. The same week that the human patient's illness began, public health authorities received notification of an increase in canine leptospirosis cases. Public health authorities investigated to determine potential sources of infection, identify additional cases, and recommend control measures. After public health outreach activities were implemented, canine vaccination practices changed substantially in the affected city: a survey conducted after the outbreak revealed that all responding veterinary clinics in the affected city were recommending the vaccine more frequently to dog owners and reporting higher levels of owner compliance with vaccination recommendations. Increased vaccination coverage offers protection from leptospirosis for both dogs and persons exposed to them. Leptospirosis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of persons with occupational exposure to animals and clinically compatible signs and symptoms, including fever, chills, myalgia, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, headache, calf pain, and conjunctival suffusion, irrespective of geographic location.

中文翻译：

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犬病爆发期间的人类钩端螺旋体病病例 - 怀俄明州，2023 年。


钩端螺旋体病是一种人畜共患细菌性疾病，通过受感染动物的尿液传播;典型的潜伏期为 5-14 天。在大约 90% 的人类病例中，疾病无症状或轻微，特征为发热、寒战、肌痛、恶心、呕吐、腹泻、头痛、小腿疼痛和结膜充血，但严重疾病可发展为多器官功能障碍和死亡。尽管怀俄明州因其寒冷和半干旱的气候而被认为是钩端螺旋体病的低风险地区，但怀俄明州卫生部于 2023 年 8 月接到报告，称该州为 1983 年以来首次报告病例。患者有与狗的职业接触，但没有报告其他风险因素。在人类患者发病的同一周，公共卫生当局收到了犬钩端螺旋体病病例增加的通知。公共卫生当局进行了调查，以确定潜在的感染源，确定更多病例，并推荐控制措施。在实施公共卫生外展活动后，受影响城市的犬类疫苗接种做法发生了重大变化：疫情爆发后进行的一项调查显示，受影响城市的所有回应兽医诊所都更频繁地向狗主人推荐疫苗，并报告称主人对疫苗接种建议的依从性更高。提高疫苗接种覆盖率可为狗和接触它们的人提供预防钩端螺旋体病的保护。 在鉴别诊断职业暴露于动物且有临床相符体征和症状（包括发热、寒战、肌痛、恶心、呕吐、腹泻、头痛、小腿疼痛和结膜充血）的人时，应考虑钩端螺旋体病，无论地理位置如何。