Online communication is central to modern social life, yet it is often linked to toxic manifestations and reduced well-being. How and why online communication enables these toxic social effects remains unanswered. In this opinion, we propose three roots of online toxicity: disembodiment, limited accountability, and disinhibition. We suggest that virtual disembodiment results in a chain of psychological states primed for deleterious social interaction. Drawing from differences between face-to-face and online interactions, the framework highlights and addresses the fundamental problems that result in impaired communication between individuals and explicates its effects on social toxicity online.

中文翻译：

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网络毒性的三个根源：脱离实体、问责制和去抑制


在线交流是现代社会生活的核心，但它往往与有毒表现和幸福感下降有关。在线交流如何以及为何造成这些有毒的社会影响仍然没有答案。在这一观点中，我们提出了网络毒性的三个根源：脱离实体、有限责任和去抑制。我们认为，虚拟的脱离身体会导致一系列心理状态，为有害的社交互动做好准备。该框架借鉴了面对面和在线互动之间的差异，强调并解决了导致个人之间沟通受损的基本问题，并阐明了其对在线社会毒性的影响。