Bile acids are the end products of cholesterol catabolism. Hepatic bile acid synthesis accounts for a major fraction of daily cholesterol turnover in humans. Biliary secretion of bile acids generates bile flow and facilitates biliary secretion of lipids, endogenous metabolites, and xenobiotics. In intestine, bile acids facilitate the digestion and absorption of dietary lipids and fat-soluble vitamins. Through activation of nuclear receptors and G protein-coupled receptors and interaction with gut microbiome, bile acids critically regulate host metabolism and innate and adaptive immunity and are involved in the pathogenesis of cholestasis, metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease, alcohol-associated liver disease, type-2 diabetes, and inflammatory bowel diseases. Bile acids and their derivatives have been developed as potential therapeutic agents for treating chronic metabolic and inflammatory liver diseases and gastrointestinal disorders.

中文翻译：

---

代谢和炎症性疾病中的胆汁酸信号传导以及药物开发


胆汁酸是胆固醇分解代谢的最终产物。肝脏胆汁酸合成占人类每日胆固醇周转量的大部分。胆汁酸的胆汁分泌产生胆汁流动，并促进脂质、内源性代谢物和外源性物质的胆汁分泌。在肠道中，胆汁酸促进膳食脂质和脂溶性维生素的消化和吸收。通过激活核受体和 G 蛋白偶联受体以及与肠道微生物组的相互作用，胆汁酸关键调节宿主代谢和先天性和适应性免疫，并参与胆汁淤积、代谢功能障碍相关脂肪性肝病、酒精相关肝病、2 型糖尿病和炎症性肠病的发病机制。胆汁酸及其衍生物已被开发为治疗慢性代谢和炎症性肝病以及胃肠道疾病的潜在治疗剂。